Geographic Variation in the Pocket Gopher, Thomomys bottae, in ColoradoYoungman, Phillip M.
Science
Geographic Variation in the Pocket Gopher, Thomomys bottae, in Colorado
Youngman, Phillip M.
Pocket gophers
_T. b. internatus_ and _T. b. cultellus_ probably intergrade east of the
Sangre De Cristo Range in the vicinity of the Colorado-New Mexico
boundary. The amount of intergradation is obscured by the great amount
of geographic variation occurring in _T. bottae_ at the edge of the
plains and by the lack of specimens from this area.
_T. b. internatus_ is a widespread subspecies showing its greatest
variation at the edge of the plains. This area is an ecotone between the
coniferous forest and the grassland and is by nature an area of change
owing to the alternation of wet and dry periods such as the pluvial,
interpluvial, and postpluvial periods. This seems to support Durrant's
observation (1952:496) that "the greatest range of morphological
variation is in animals from the least stable environments."
Specimens from a small area north of the Arkansas River in the vicinity
of Cañon City (see fig. 1) differ sufficiently from _T. b. internatus_
to be given nominal recognition. High mountains and the Arkansas River
isolate the new subspecies found at Cañon City from populations of _T.
b. internatus_ to the west and south; however there are no apparent
geographic barriers between the newly named subspecies and populations
of _T. b. internatus_ twelve miles to the north or from the vicinity of
Pueblo to the east. This new subspecies is the most extreme of the
variants occurring in the unstable environment at the edge of the
plains.
=Thomomys bottae aureus= Allen
_Thomomys aureus_ Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:49,
April, 1893; Warren, Colorado College Publ., 19:252, January,
1906; Warren, Colorado College Publ., 33:77, January, 1908;
Warren, Mammals of Colorado, p. 79, 1910; Cary, N. Amer.
Fauna, 33:136, August 17, 1911.
_Thomomys bottae aureus_, Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
48:156, October 31, 1935; Warren, Mammals of Colorado, p. 158,
1942.
_Thomomys apache_ Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 23:79,
May 4, 1910. Holotype from Lake La Jara, 7500 feet, Rio Arriba
County, New Mexico.
_Thomomys perpallidus aureus_, Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 39:74,
November 15, 1915.
_Thomomys perpallidus apache_, Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 39:75,
November 15, 1915.
_Thomomys bottae apache_, Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
48:157, October 31, 1935; Warren, Mammals of Colorado, p. 160,
1942.
_Thomomys bottae optabilis_ Goldman, Jour. Washington Acad.
Sci., 26:116, March 15, 1936. Holotype from Coventry, 6500
feet, Montrose County, Colorado; Warren, Mammals of Colorado,
p. 159, 1942, part.
_Holotype._--Adult female, skin and skull number 5243/4123,
American Museum of Natural History, obtained at Bluff City, San
Juan County, Utah, May 12, 1892, by Charles P. Rowley.
_Distribution._--Colorado Plateau Province of southwestern Colorado
(see fig. 1), northwestern New Mexico, southeastern Utah, and
northeastern Arizona.
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