prefixes with various meanings in Eng., Ger., and Scand. topography. Sometimes they mean holy, Ger. _heilig_, as in Heligoland (holy isle); Heilbron (holy well); Heligensteen (holy rock); Heilberg and Hallidon (holy hill); Heiligencreuz (the town of the holy cross), Hung. _Nemet-keresztur_ (the grove of the cross); Heiligenhaven (holy harbour); Heiligenstadt (holy town); Halifax, in Yorkshire (holy face), is said to have been named from an image of John the Baptist, kept in a hermitage at the place; Hoxton, in Sussex, was originally _Hageltoun_ (holy town), because it was there that St. Edmund suffered martyrdom. Sometimes, however, _hell_ denotes a covered place, as in Helwell, in Devonshire (the covered well); sometimes it means _clear_, as in Hellebrunn (clear or bright fountain); Heilbronn, in Wurtemberg (fountain of health), named from a spring formerly used medicinally. Hellefors, a waterfall in Norway, and Hellgate, New York, seem to derive their names from a superstition connected with _Hel_, the goddess of the dead; Holyhead, in Wales, is in Welsh _Pen-Caer-Gibi_ (the hill fort of St. Cybi, called _holy_ in his honour); Holy Island, Lat. _Insula-sancta_, obtained its name from the monastery of St. Cuthbert--its more ancient name, _Lindisfarne_, is probably the ferry, _fahr_, of the brook Lindis, on the opposite shore; Holywell, in Flint, took its name from St. Winifred’s Well, celebrated for its miraculous cures--its Welsh name is _Tref-fynnon_ (the town of the clear water); Holywood, Dumfriesshire, Cel. _Der Congal_ (the oak grove of St. Congal). [Sidenote: HELLR (Scand.),] a cave into which the tide flows; _e.g._ Hellr-hals (the neck or strait of the cave); Heller-holm (the island of the cave); Hellersness (the headland of the caves). [Sidenote: HELY (Hung.),] a place; _e.g._ Vasarhely (the market-place); Varhely (the place of the fortress); Marosvasarhely (the market-place on the R. Maros), in Ger. _Neumarkt_; Vasarhely-hod-Mezö (the market-place of the beaver’s meadow); Szombathely (the place where the Saturday market is held, _szombat_); Csotortokhely (the Thursday market-place), Germanised _Donners-markt_; Udvarhely (court place); Szerdahely (Wednesday market-place), _Vasar_, Hung. (a market), from Turc. _Bazar_. [Sidenote: HEN (Cym.-Cel.),] old; _e.g._ Henly (the old place), on the Thames; Hentland, for Hen-llan (old church, now St. Asaph’s); Henlys (old palace): Hen-egglys (old church), in Anglesea. [Sidenote: HEN (Cym.-Cel.),] old, ancient; _e.g._ Henlys (the ancient hall). [Sidenote: HENGST (Teut.),] a horse--hence Hengiston, in Cornwall, either an enclosure for horses or the town of Hengist; Hengestdorf or Pferdsdorf (horse’s village); Hengistridge (horse’s ridge); Hinksey (the horse’s island or marshy place); Hinkley (the horses’ meadow). [Sidenote: HERR, HERZOG (Ger.), HERTOG (Dutch),]