a river confluence or a creek at the mouth of a river. This word is an element in numerous names throughout Scotland; and although it is not so common in Ireland, it exists in old names, as in Dromineer, for _Druim-inbhir_ (the ridge of the river mouth). In Scotland it is used in connection with _aber_, the word _inver_ being found sometimes at the mouth and _aber_ farther up the same stream: thus--Abergeldie and Invergeldie, on the Geldie; Abernyte and Invernyte, etc.; Inversnaid (the needle or narrow confluence, _snathad_, a needle); Innerkip (at the conf. of the Kip and Daff); Inveresk and Inverkeilor (at the mouths of the Esk and Keilor), in Mid Lothian and Forfar; Innerleithen (at the conf. of the Leithen and Tweed), in Peebles; Inveraven (at the conf. of the Aven and Spey); Inverness (at the conf. of the Ness with the Beauly); Inveraray (at the mouth of the Aray); Inverury (the Urie); Inverkeithing (of the Keith); Inverbervie or Bervie (at the mouth of the Bervie); Peterhead, anc. _Inverugie Petri_ or _Petri promontorium_ (the promontory of the rock of St. Peter), on the R. Ugie, with its church dedicated to St. Peter; Inverleith, now Leith (at the mouth of the Leith); Inverarity (at the mouth of the Arity), in Forfar; Cullen, anc. _Invercullen_ (at the mouth of the back river)--_v._ CUL. [Sidenote: ITZ, IZ, IZCH,] a Sclavonic affix, signifying a possession or quality, equivalent to the Teut. _ing_; _e.g._ Carlovitz (Charles’s town); Mitrowitz (the town of Demetrius); Studnitz (of the fountain); Targowitz (the market town); Trebnitz and Trebitsch (poor town); Schwanitz (swine town); Madlitz (the house of prayer); Publitz (the place of beans); Janowitz (John’s town); Schwantewitz (the town of the Sclavonic god Swantewit). J [Sidenote: JABLON (Sclav.),] the apple-tree; _e.g._ Jablonez, Jablonka, Jablona, Jablonken, Jablonoko, Gablenz, Gablona (places abounding in apples); Jablonnoi or Zablonnoi (the mountain of apples). [Sidenote: JAMA (Sclav.),] a ditch; _e.g._ Jamlitz, Jamnitz, and Jamno (places with a ditch or trench); Jamburg (the town in the hollow or ditch); but Jamlitz may sometimes mean the place of medlar-trees, from _jemelina_ (the medlar). [Sidenote: JASOR (Sclav.),] a marsh; _e.g._ Jehser-hohen and Jeser-nieder (the high and lower marsh), near Frankfort; Jeserig and Jeserize (the marshy place). [Sidenote: JASSEN (Sclav.),] the ash-tree; _e.g._ Jessen, Jessern, Jesseu, Jessnitz (the place of ash-trees). [Sidenote: JAWOR (Sclav.),] the maple-tree; _e.g._ Great and Little Jawer, in Silesia; Jauer, in Russia; Jauernitz and Jauerburg (the place of maple-trees), in Russia. [Sidenote: JAZA (Sclav.),] a house; _e.g._ Jäschen, Jäschwitz, Jäschütz (the houses). [Sidenote: JEZIRAH (Ar.),]