a city; _e.g._ Alut-nuwera (new city); Kalawa (the city on the Kala-Oya, _i.e._ the rocky river); Nuwera-Panduas (the city of Panduas), in Ceylon. O [Sidenote: OB, OBER (Ger.), OVER (Dutch),] upper; _e.g._ Oberhofen (upper court); Oberlahnstein (the upper fortress on the R. Lahn); Oberndorf, Overbie, Overham, Overton, Overburg (upper town); Oberdrauburg (the upper town on the R. Drave); Overyssel (beyond the R. Yssel); Orton (upper town), in Westmoreland; St. Mary’s-Overy, Southwark (_i.e._ over the water from London). [Sidenote: OE--_v._ EA, p. 71.] [Sidenote: ŒUIL (Fr.),] the eye--(in topography applied to the source of a stream or a fountain; _e.g._ Arcueil (the arched fountain or aqueduct); Berneuil (the source of the water, _bior_); Verneuil and Vernel (alder-tree fountain, Lat. _vernus_); Argenteuil (silver fountain); Bonneuil (good fountain); Nanteuil (the source of the stream); Auneuil (alder-tree fountain, Fr. _aune_); Auteuil (high fountain); Boisseuil (the woody fountain); Chantilly, anc. _Cantilliacum_ (the head of the water-source). [Sidenote: OFER, or ORE (A.S.), OVER (Dutch), UFER (Ger.), OIR (Gadhelic), EYRE, or ORE (Scand.), a point,] a border, boundary, or shore--cognate with the Lat. _ora_ and the Grk. _horos_; _e.g._ Oare and Ore (the shore), in Kent, Sussex, and Somerset; Windsor, _i.e._ _Windle-sora_ (the winding shore, A.S. _windle_); Southover and Westover (the south and west shore); Ventnor (the shore of _Gwent_, the ancient name of the Isle of Wight); Pershore (the willow shore, _pursh_), or, according to Camden, corrupt. from _Periscorum_--in allusion to the abundance of _pear-trees_ in its vicinity; Andover, anc. _Andeafaran_ (the shore or ferry of the R. Anton); Ravensore (the point or promontory of Hrafen, a Scand. personal name); Hanover, anc. _Hohenufer_ (high shore); Elsinore (the point near the town of Helsing), in Denmark; Argyle, Gael. _Oirirgaedheal_ (the coast lands of the Gaels); Dover, in Kent, and Douvres, in Normandy, perhaps from _ofer_. [Sidenote: OICHE (obs. Gael.),] water; _e.g._ Oich River and Oichel (the Rivers Ock, Ocker, Ocke, Eck); Loch Oich, Duich (the black water). [Sidenote: ORE (Hindostanee),] a city; _e.g._ Ellore, Vellore, Nellore; Tanjore, anc. _Tanja-nagaram_ (the city of refuge); Bednore (bamboo city); Mangalore (the city of Mangala-Devi). [Sidenote: ORMR (Scand.),] a serpent, also a personal name; _e.g._ Ormeshead, in Cumberland, named either from the serpent-like shape of the rock, or from the common Norse name _Ormr_; Ormathwaite, Ormsby, Ormiston, Ormskirk (the clearing, the dwelling, and the church of Ormr). The same prefix in French topography signifies the elm-tree, as in Les Ormes (the elms); Ormoy, Lat. _Ulmetium_ (the elm-grove), synonymous with Olmedo and Olmeto, in Spain. The Orne or Olna (elm-tree river), in Normandy; Ulm or Ulma (the place of elm-trees), in Wurtemburg; Olmeta, in Corsica.