a ridge; _e.g._ Hansrücke (John’s ridge); Hengistrücke (the horses’ ridge); Hundsricke (the dog’s ridge); Rudgeley (the field at the ridge); Brownrigg, Grayrigg (the brown and gray ridge); Reigate (the passage through the ridge), contracted from _ridgegate_; Lindridge (lime-tree ridge); Rucksteig (the steep path on the ridge); Langrike (long ridge); Steenrücke (stony ridge). [Sidenote: RIPA (Lat.), RIVA (It.), RIBA (Span. and Port.), RIVE (Fr.),] a bank or the border of a stream; _e.g._ Riva (on the bank of Lake Como); Riva or Rief (on Lake Garda); Rive-de-Gier and Aube-rive (on the banks of the R. Gier and Aube); Aute-rive and Rives-altes (the high river-banks); Rieux, anc. _Rivi-Castra_ (the camp of the river-bank); Riberac (on the bank of the water), in France; Rivalta (the high bank), in Piedmont; Rivoli, anc. _Ripula_ (the little bank), in Piedmont; Romorantin, anc. _Rivus-Morentini_ (the bank of the R. Morantin), in France; _Riveria_ or _Riberia_, in Low Lat. signified a plain on the bank of a river--hence Rivière, Rivières, Hautes-Rivières, La Rivoire, etc., in France; Rivarrennæ, _i.e._ _Ripa-arenæ_ (the sandy bank), on the R. Cher; the Rialto at Venice is corrupt, from _Riva-alto_ (the high bank); Rye, in Sussex, in Lat. records _Ripa_; Ryde, in the Isle of Wight, formerly _Rye_ (on the bank of the water); Altrupp, on the R. Rhone, anc. _Alta-ripa_ (the high bank); Ribaute and Autrepe, for _Haute-rive_ (high bank), in Belgium; Ribadavia and Riba-de-Sella (the bank of the Rivers Avia and Sella), in Spain; Ripon, in Yorkshire, anc. _Ripum_ (on the bank of the R. Ure). [Sidenote: RISCH (Ger.), RISGE (A.S.), ROGOSCHA (Sclav.),] the rush; _e.g._ Ruscomb (the rushy hollow); Rushbrook (the rushy stream); Rushford, Rushmere, Rushholme, Ryston (the rushy ford, marsh, island, and town); Rogatzn, in Poland, and Rogatchev, in Russia (the place of rushes). [Sidenote: ROC, ROCHE (Fr.), ROCCA (It.), ROC (A.S.),] a rock--derivatives from the Lat. _rupes_; _e.g._ Rocca-bianca (white rock); Rocca-casale (rock village or dwelling); Rocca-secura (the safe rock fortress), in Italy; Rocca-Valoscuro (the rock in the dark valley), in Naples; Rochefort-sur-mer (the strong fortress on the sea), at the mouth of the R. Charente; La Rochelle (the little rock fortress); Rochefort (rock fortress), in Belgium; Rochester, Co. Kent (the fortress on the rock), or, according to Bede, the fort of Hrop, a Saxon chief; Rochester, in New York, named after Colonel Rochester, one of the early settlers; Roche-Guyon, Lat. _Rupes-Guidonis_ (the rock fortress of Guido); Roche-Foucault, anc. _Rupes-Fucaldi_ (the fortress of Foucalt); Rocroi, Lat. _Rupes-Regia_ (the royal fortress), in France; Roxburgh (the rock fortress)--the ancient town, as well as the county, taking their name from the strong castle, situated on a rock near the junction of the Tweed and Teviot--the ancient name of the castle was _Marchidun_ (the hill-fort on the marshy land).