a road. The word _sarn_ refers to the old Roman road which the Emperor Maximus called in honour of his wife Helen, a Welsh princess whom he had married; _e.g._ Sarn-Helen (Helen’s road); Pen-Sarn (the head or end of the road); Tal-Sarn (the face of the road). [Sidenote: SAX, SAHS (Teut.),] a stone, cognate with the Lat. _saxum_; _e.g._ Sachsa (the stony water in the neighbourhood of quarries); Sasso, in Italy (the stone or tomb); Sassoferrato (the fortified rock); Sassuolo (the little rock or stone), in Italy; but these words, either as prefixes or affixes, in topography generally indicate places belonging to the Saxons, who were so called from the _seax_, a kind of sword which they used in warfare; thus Sachsenberg, Sachsenburg, Sachsenheim, Sachsendorf, Sassetot, denote the dwellings of the Saxons; Saxony, in Germany (peopled by Saxons); Sussex, Essex, and Wessex (the south, east, and west districts of the Saxons), in England; Saxby (the Saxons’ town), in Lincoln; Saxlingham (the home of the descendants of the Saxons), in Norfolk; Sassenberg (the Saxons’ hill), in Westphalia. [Sidenote: SCALE, SKALI (Scand.), SHEAL, SHEALING (Scotch),] a hut or shed; _e.g._ Scalby and Scaleby (hut town); Scalloway (the huts on the bay, _vig_), in Shetland; Galashiels (the huts on the R. Gala); Biggarshiels (the huts near the town of Biggar); Larbert, Co. Stirling, formerly _Lairbert-scheills_ (the huts of a man named Lairbert); North and South Shields, originally a collection of fishermen’s huts; but as _scald_, in the Scandinavian language, means a bard--that word is likely to have formed an element in place-names. Scaldwell is probably the bard’s well; Skalholt, in Iceland, may be the bard’s hill. [Sidenote: SCAM (Old Ger.),] little; _e.g._ Schambach, Schamach (the little stream). [Sidenote: SCHANZE (Ger.),] a bulwark; _e.g._ Rheinschanze (the bulwark of the Rhine); Hochschanze (high bulwark). [Sidenote: SCHEIDE (Ger.),] a watershed, from _scheiden_, to divide; _e.g._ Lennscheide, Remschede, Nettenscheide (the watershed of the Rivers Lenn, Rems, and Nette); but this word sometimes means a place separated by an enclosure from the surrounding land, as in Scheidhof (the separated or enclosed court); Scheidlehen (the separated fief). [Sidenote: SCHENKE (Ger.),] a public-house; _e.g._ Schenholtz (the wood near the public-house); Shenklein (the little public-house); Shenkendorf (the inn village). [Sidenote: SCHEUNE (Ger.),] a shed or barn; _e.g._ Ziegelscheune (the brick barn); Kalkscheune (lime-shed); Scheunenstelle (the place of sheds). [Sidenote: SCHLAG (Ger.),] a wood clearing or field; _e.g._ Leopoldschlag (the field of Leopold); Grafenschlag (of the count); Pfaffenschlag (of the priest); Kirchsclag (of the church); Schlagenwald (the cleared wood); Schlagberg and Schlaghöck (the cleared hill and corner); Murzuschlag (the clearing on the R. Murz), in Styria. [Sidenote: SCHLANGE (Ger.),]