prefixes derived from the Saxon and Scandinavian deity _Thor_; _e.g._ Thorley, Thurley, Thursley, Thorsby, Thurlow, the valley, dwelling, and hill, named after Thor, or perhaps from a people or family name derived from the god, _i.e._ the _Thurings_, from whence also probably come Thorington in England, and Thorigné and Thorigny in France; Thüringerwald, in Germany; Thurston, Thursford, Thurscross, Thurlstone, etc.; Thorsoe (Thor’s island); Thurso (Thor’s stream, on which the town of Thurso is situated); Thorshaven (Thor’s harbour), in Norway and in the Faroe Islands. On the continent the god Thor was worshipped under the name of Thunor, hence the English word _thunder_ and the German _Donner_ (supposed, in the Middle Ages, to be Thor’s voice). From this word are derived Thunersberg and Donnersberg (the mountain of Thor); Donnersbach (Thor’s stream), in Styria; Torslunde (Thor’s sacred grove), in Denmark. [Sidenote: THORPE (A.S.),] an assembly of people, cognate with the Welsh _torf_ (a crowd or troop), Gael. _treubh_ (a tribe), and _troupe_, French; and then gradually coming to denote a farm or village; _e.g._ Thorp, in Northamptonshire; Calthorpe (cold village); Langthorpe (long village); Ingelthorpe, Kettlesthorpe, Swansthorpe, Bischopsthorpe (the farm or village of Ingold, Kettle, Sweyn, and the bishop); Nunthorpe (the nun’s village); Raventhorpe (Hrafen’s village); Thorparch, in Yorkshire (the village bridge), on the R. Wharfe; Milnethorpe (the village of the mill); Althorpe (old villages); Basingthorpe (the village of the Basings, a patronymic); Copmanthorpe (of the merchant). [Sidenote: THWAITE (Scand. _thveit_),] a cleared spot or an isolated piece of land, akin to the Danish _tvede_, a peninsula; _e.g._ Harrowthwaite, Finsthwaite, Ormathwaite, Sattersthwaite, places cleared and cultivated by the Scandinavians, whose names they bear; Applethwaite (of apples); Calthwaite (cold clearing); Birkthwaite (of birches); Micklethwaite (great clearing); Crossthwaite, in Cumberland, where St. Kentigern is said to have erected a cross; Lockthwaite (Loki’s clearing). [Sidenote: TOBAR (Gadhelic),]