Oppeln, the town on the R. Oppo Oppido, Lat. _Oppidum_ Orange, anc. _Arausione_, the town on the R. Araise Orange R. and Republic, named after Maurice, Prince of Orange Oregon R., from the Span. _organa_, wild marjoram Orellana R., named from its discoverer Orissa, named from a tribe Orkney Islands, 111 Orleans, corrupt. from _Aurelianum_, named after the Emperor Aurelian Orme’s Head, Norse _ormr_, a serpent, from its shape Ormskirk, 125 Orvieto, 199 Osborne, named after the Fitz-Osborne family Oschatz, Sclav. _Osada_, the colony Osimo, 199 Osnabrück, 31 Ossa Mountain, Grk. the watch-tower Ostend, 74 Ostia, Lat. the place at the river’s mouth, _Os_ Oswestry, 57 Othrys, the mountain with the overhanging brow, Grk. _othrus_ Otranto, anc. _Hydruntum_, a place almost surrounded by water, _ùdor_, Grk. Ottawa, a tribe name Ottawa R., a tribe name Oudenarde, 7 Oudh or Awadh, corrupt. from _Ayodha_, the invincible Oulart, corrupt. from _Abhalgort_, Ir. apple field Oundle, 60 Ouro-preto, 160 Ouse R., 198 Overyssel R., 150 Oviedo is said to have derived this name from the Rivers Ove and Divo. Its Latin name was _Lucus-Asturum_, the grove of the Asturians Owyhee, the hot place P Paderborn, 32 Padstow, 183 Paestum, anc. _Poseidonia_, the city of Poseidon or Neptune Palamcotta, 55 Palermo, corrupt. from _Panormus_, Grk. the spacious harbour Palestine, the land of the Philistines, _strangers_; from Crete, who occupied merely a strip of the country on the coast, and yet gave their own name to the whole land Palma, the palm-tree Palmas, Lat. the palm-trees Palmyra or Tadmor, the city of palms Pampeluna or Pamplona, 158 Panama Bay, the bay of mud fish Panjab or Punjaub, 2 Paraguay, 153 Parahyba, 153 Paramaribo, 144 Parapamisan Mountains, the flat-topped hills Parchim, 153 Paris, 130 Parsonstown, named for Sir William Parsons, who received a grant of the land on which the town stands, with the adjoining estate, from James II. in 1670 Passau, 44 Patagonia, so called from the clumsy shoes of its native inhabitants Patna, 153 Paunton, 159 Pays de Vaud, 200 Peebles, anc. _Peblis_, Cym.-Cel. the tents or sheds Peel, 153 Peiho R., 105 Pe-king, Chinese, the northern capital Pe-ling Mountains, the northern mountains Pelion, the clayey mountains, _pelos_, Grk. clay Pella, the stony Pembroke, 30 Penicuik, 154 Pennsylvania, named after William Penn, whose son had obtained a grant of forest land in compensation for £16,000 which the king owed to his father Pentland Hills, corrupt. from the Pictsland Hills Penzance, 154 Perekop, the rampart