These and similar words, in the Romance languages, derived from the Heb. _abba_ (father), were introduced into the languages of Europe in connection with the monastic system, and are attached to the names of places founded for monks, or belonging to church lands. Thus--Absberg (abbot’s hill); Apersdorf, for _Abbatesdorf_ (abbot’s village); Absholz (abbot’s wood); Abtsroda (abbot’s clearing), in Germany; Appenzell, anc. _Abbatiscella_ (abbot’s church), founded by the Abbot of St. Gall, A.D. 647; Abbeville (abbot’s dwelling), in France; Abbotsbury (the abbot’s fortified place), Dorset; Abbeydare (the abbey on the R. Dare in Hereford); Abbotshall, in Fife, so called from having been the occasional residence of the abbots of Dunfermline; Abdie (belonging to the abbey of Lindores); Abingdon, in Berks (abbot’s hill), Abington (with the same meaning), the name of two parishes in Cambridge and a village in Lanarkshire, and of two parishes in Ireland; Abbotsford (the ford of the Tweed in the abbey lands of Melrose); Abbotsrule (the abbey on the R. Rule in Roxburghshire); Abbeyfeale (on the R. Feale); Abbeyleix (the abbey of Lewy), an Irish chief Abbeygormacan (Irish _mainister_); _Ua-g Cormacain_ (the abbey of the O’Cormacans); Abbeylara, _i.e._ Irish abbey, _leath-rath_ (the abbey of the half-rath); Abbeyshrule, anc. _Sruthair_ (the stream), named for a monastery founded by one of the O’Farells; Abbeystrowry (with the same meaning), in Ireland; Abbensee (the lake of the abbey), in Upper Austria; Newabbey, a _Par_ in Kirkcudbright (named from an abbey founded in 1275 by Devorgilla, the mother of John Baliol); Badia-San-Salvatore (the abbey of the Holy Saviour); Badia-Torrita (the abbey with the little tower), in Italy; Appin, in Argyleshire, anc. _Abbphon_ (abbot’s land), and Appin, in Dull, indicating probably the territory of a Celtic monastery. [Sidenote: ACH, or ICH,] a form of the Teut. _aha_ (water), p. 1, as in Salzach (salt stream), but it is also a common affix to words in the Teut. and Cel. languages, by which a noun is formed into an adjective, signifying full of, or abounding in, equivalent to the Lat. terminations _etum_ and _iacum_. Thus, in German topography, we find Lindach, Aichach, Aschach, Buchach, Tannich, Fichtig, _i.e._ abounding in _lime_, _oak_, _ash_, _beech_, _fir_, and _pine_ wood; Affaltrach (in apple-trees); Erlicht (in alders); Heselicht (in hazels); Laubach (in leaves). In Ireland: Darach, Farnach (abounding in oaks and alders); Ounagh, in Sligo, and Onagh, in Wicklow (watery place), from the adjective Abhnach (abounding in streams). In the Sclav. languages, again, the affix _zig_ has the same meaning, as in Leipzig (abounding in lime-trees). [Sidenote: ACHADH (Gadhelic), AUCH, AUGH, AUCHEN,]