a privileged place, as also _freiheit_ (freedom); _e.g._ Freyburg and Fribourg (the privileged city); Schloss-freiheit and Berg-freiheit (the privileged castle); Oude-Vrijheid (the old privileged place), in Holland; Freystadt, in Hungary, Grk. _Eleutheropolis_ (free city). [Sidenote: FRÊNE (Fr.), FRASSINO (It.), FRESNO (Span.), FREIXO (Port.),] the ash-tree; _e.g._ Les Frênes, Les Fresnes (the ash-trees); Frenois, Frenoit, Frenai, Frenay, Fresney (the place abounding in ash-trees), in France; Frassinetto-di-Po (the ash-tree grove on the R. Po). [Sidenote: FREUDE (Ger.),] joy; _e.g._ Freudenthal (the valley of joy); Freudenstadt (the town of joy). [Sidenote: FRIDE,] a hedge, from the Old Ger. word _vride_--akin to the Gael. _fridh_, and the Welsh _fridd_ (a wood); _e.g._ Burgfried (the hedge of the fortress); Friedberg, anc. _Vriduperg_ (a fortress surrounded by a hedge); but Friedland, in East Prussia, Grk. _Irenopyrgos_ (the tower of peace), is from _friede_, Ger. peace. The prefix _fried_ is also sometimes a contraction for Frederick--thus Friedburg may mean Frederick’s town. [Sidenote: FRITH, or FIRTH,] the navigable estuary of a river, akin to _fiord_ and the Lat. _fretum_, a channel; _e.g._ the Firths of Forth, Tay, and Clyde; the Solway Firth. This word Solway has had various derivations assigned to it: one derivation is from the _Selgovæ_, a tribe; Ferguson suggests the Old Norse word _sulla_, Eng. _sully_, from its turbid waters, particularly as it was called in Leland’s _Itinera_ Sulway. I would suggest the A.S. _sol_ (mire), as this channel is a miry slough at low tide, and can be crossed on foot; Pentland Firth, corrupt. from _Petland Fiord_ (the bay between the land of the Picts and the Orkneys). [Sidenote: FROU, FRAU (Ger.),] lord and lady; _e.g._ Froustalla (the lord or nobleman’s stall); Frousthorp (the nobleman’s farm); Fraubrunnen (our lady’s well); Frauenberg, Frauenburg, Fraustadt (our lady’s town); Frauenkirchen (our lady’s church); Frauenfeld (our lady’s field). [Sidenote: FUL (A.S.),] dirty; _e.g._ Fulbeck, Fulbrook (dirty stream); Fulneck or _Fullanig_ (dirty water); Fulham or Fullenham (either the dwelling on the miry place or, according to another derivation, from _fügel_, a bird). [Sidenote: FÜRED (Hung.),] a bath or watering-place; _e.g._ Tisza-Füred (the watering-place on the R. Theis or Tisza); Balaton-Füred, on Lake Balaton. [Sidenote: FURST (Ger.),] a prince or the first in rank; _e.g._ Furstenau, Furstenberg, Furstenfeld, Furstenwald, Furstenwerder, Furstenzell (the meadow, hill, field, wood, island, church, of the prince); but Furstberg means the chief or highest hill. G [Sidenote: GABEL (Teut.), GABHAL, or GOUL (Gadhelic),]