clay; _e.g._ Glinzig, Glindow, Glintock, Glianicke, Glinow (names of places near clay pits); Glina (the clayey stream). [Sidenote: GLOG (Sclav.),] the white thorn; _e.g._ Glogau, _Gross_, and Upper Glogau, in Silesia (places abounding in white thorn); Glognitz, with the same meaning. [Sidenote: GNADE (Ger.),] grace; _e.g._ Gnadenhütten (the tabernacles of grace), a Moravian settlement on the Ohio; Gnadenthal (the valley of grace), in Africa; Gnadenburg and Gnadenfeld (the city and field of grace). [Sidenote: GOBHA (Gadhelic),] a blacksmith--in topography _Gow_ or _Gowan_; _e.g._ Ardgowan (the blacksmith’s height); Balgowan, Balnagowan, Balgownie, Balgonie, in Scotland, and Ballygow, Ballygowan, Ballingown, Ballynagown, in Ireland (the dwelling of the blacksmith); Athgoe (the blacksmith’s ford). In early times the blacksmith was regarded as an important personage, being the manufacturer of weapons of war, and the ancient Irish, like other nations, had their smith god, Goban, hence the frequent use of the word in their topography. [Sidenote: GOLA, or GALA (Sclav.),] a wood; _e.g._ Golschow, Goltzen, Golkojye or Kolkwitz, and Gahlen (the woody place); Galinchen (the little Gahlen, _i.e._ a colony from that town); Kallinichen, _i.e._ the colony from Gallun (the woody place); Gollnow, in Pomerania, from this root; but Gollnitz, near Finsterwalde, is corrupt. from _Jelenze_ (stag town), from _jelen_. [Sidenote: GOLB, GULB (Sclav.),] the dove; _e.g._ Gulbin, Golbitten, Golembin, Golembecks, Golembki (dove town); Gollombken, in Prussia, Ger. _Taubendorf_ (dove town). [Sidenote: GORA (Sclav.), Ὁρος (Grk.),] a mountain or hill; _e.g._ Goritz, Ger. _Goïs_ (the town on the hill), in Hungary, in a province of the same name; Gorlitz (behind the hill), called also _Sgoretz_; Gorigk, Ger. _Bergheide_ (hilly heath); Gorgast (hill inn), _gosta_ corrupt. into _gast_; Podgorze, Podgorach, Podgoriza, Poschgorize (near the hill). This word sometimes takes the form of _hora_, as in Zahora, in Turkey (behind the hill); Czernahora (the black hill). [Sidenote: GORT (Gadhelic),] a field, cognate with the Lat. _hortus_ and Span. _huerta_, and the Teut. _garth_--_v._ p. 87; _e.g._ Huerta-del-rey (the king’s orchard), in Spain. [Sidenote: GRAB (Sclav.),] the red beech; _e.g._ Grabkow, Grabitz, Grabig, Grabow (the place of red beeches); Grabin, Ger. _Finsterwalde_ (the place of red beeches or the dark wood). [Sidenote: GRABEN (Ger.), GRAB, GRAEF (A.S.),] a grave or trench, from _graben_, _grafan_ (to dig); _e.g._ Mühlgraben (the mill trench or dam); Vloedgraben (the trench for the flood); Schutzgraben (the moat of the defence); Grafton and Graffham (the moated town); Gravesend (the town at the end of the moat); Bischofsgraef (the bishop’s trench). In Ireland the prefix _graf_ is applied to lands that have been grubbed up with a kind of axe called a _grafan_--hence such names as Graffan, Graffin, Graffee, Graffy.