Geological Observations on South AmericaDarwin, Charles
Science
Geological Observations on South America
Darwin, Charles
Beagle Expedition (1831-1836); Geology -- South America; Mollusks, Fossil -- South America; Paleontology
The upper plain is here well defined (called Table Hills); its edge
forms a cliff or line of escarpment many miles in length, projecting
over a lower plain. The lowest plain corresponds with that at San Josef
with the recent shells on its surface. Between this lowest and the
uppermost plain, there is probably more than one step-formed terrace:
several measurements show the existence of the intermediate one of the
height given in Diagram 1.
(DIAGRAM 2. SECTION OF PLAINS IN THE BAY OF ST. GEORGE.
From East (sea level) to West (high): Terrace 1. 250 An. M. Terrace 2.
330 An. M. Terrace 3. 580 An. M. Terraces 4, 5 and 6 not measured.
Terrace 7. 1,200 Est.)
Near the north headland of the great Bay of St. George (100 miles south
of the Chupat), two well-marked plains of 250 and 330 feet were
measured: these are said to sweep round a great part of the Bay. At its
south headland, 120 miles distant from the north headland, the 250 feet
plain was again measured. In the middle of the bay, a higher plain was
found at two neighbouring places (Tilli Roads and C. Marques) to be 580
feet in height. Above this plain, towards the interior, Mr. Stokes
informs me that there were several other step-formed plains, the
highest of which was estimated at 1,200 feet, and was seen ranging at
apparently the same height for 150 miles northward. All these plains
have been worn into great valleys and much denuded. The section in
Diagram 3 is illustrative of the general structure of the great Bay of
St. George. At the south headland of the Bay of St. George (near C.
Three Points) the 250 plain is very extensive.
(DIAGRAM 3. SECTION OF PLAINS AT PORT DESIRE.
From East (sea level) to West (high): Terrace 1. 100 Est. Terrace 2.
245-255 Ba. M. Shells on surface. Terrace 3. 330 Ba. M. Shells on
surface. Terrace 4. Not measured.)
At Port Desire (forty miles southward) I made several measurements with
the barometer of a plain, which extends along the north side of the
port and along the open coast, and which varies from 245 to 255 feet in
height: this plain abuts against the foot of a higher plain of 330
feet, which extends also far northward along the coast, and likewise
into the interior. In the distance a higher inland platform was seen,
of which I do not know the height. In three separate places, I observed
the cliff of the 245-255 feet plain, fringed by a terrace or narrow
plain estimated at about one hundred feet in height. These plains are
represented in the section Diagram 3.
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