George Washington Birthplace National Monument, VirginiaHudson, J. Paul
History
George Washington Birthplace National Monument, Virginia
Hudson, J. Paul
George Washington Birthplace National Monument (Va.)
[Illustration: _Wine bottles, glasses, seals, and bronze spigot of
1700-80 period found at Wakefield._]
[Illustration: _Fragments of kettle and spoons unearthed at
Wakefield._]
Glass.
Hundreds of pieces of broken wine bottles were found, including 11 wine
bottle seals bearing the initials of George’s father, “AW”. During the
18th century only well-to-do planters imported wine bottles from England
with their names or monograms stamped on the necks of the containers.
Many wine-glass stems were also found, revealing the fine assortment of
drinking glasses used by the Washingtons. Numerous windowpane fragments
were unearthed.
Tableware.
Many bonehandled knives and forks of excellent quality were excavated,
together with several types of pewter and latten metal spoons. A few of
the knife and fork handles found were dyed green, described in the 1762
inventory as “green Ivory handled knives & forks.”
Furniture hardware.
Many brass upholstering tacks, knobs, drawer pulls, and keyhole
escutcheons, which at one time embellished high quality English
furniture of the 1725-75 period, were unearthed.
Clay pipes.
Hundreds of fragments of English white clay pipes were found in the
vicinity of the birthsite.
Lighting devices and fireplace equipment.
Brass candlesticks, candlesnuffers, and brasshandled fireplace tools
excavated revealed that the Washingtons imported fine metalware from the
mother country.
Pottery and porcelain.
Countless fragments of colorful earthenware and stoneware pottery were
found, together with a fine assortment of oriental porcelain. Much of
the pottery (including slip-decorated earthenware, Delftware, white
salt-glazed stoneware, “Whieldon” ware, hand-decorated Staffordshire,
and creamware) was made in England; some was imported from Holland
(tin-glazed Delftware) and Germany (stoneware), whereas most of the
porcelain came from China.
[Illustration: _Tools unearthed near the site of the home in which
George Washington was born—iron hoes, an iron pestle, small ax, and
fragment of an ice saw. All tools shown date from 1690 to 1775._]
[Illustration: _Sgraffito (scratched) earthenware bowl._]
All pieces of furniture acquired by the association for the memorial
house are of the early 18th-century English styles, having been made
between 1700 and 1750. Only one item in the house, a tilt-top tea table,
is said to have been in the original home. The last owner of the house,
William Augustine Washington (George’s eldest nephew), saved it at the
time of the fire in 1779.
The Wakefield National Memorial Association has also acquired
appropriate cooking utensils of the early 18th-century period for the
colonial-style kitchen. Once again, excavated artifacts—including
pot-hooks, kettle fragments, skewers, ladles, and numerous other cooking
accessories—were used as guides in locating suitable kitchen equipage.
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