German Society at the Close of the Middle AgesBax, Ernest Belfort
History
German Society at the Close of the Middle Ages
Bax, Ernest Belfort
Germany -- Social conditions; Reformation -- Germany
"The great Companies do lessen trading and consuming in the lands.
They do all their business in far countries and by letters; where
now there is a great Company, there aforetime did twenty or more
[persons], it may be, nourish themselves, who must all now wander
afar, because they cannot hold a storehouse and servants in other
places. By these means came it to pass that roads, tolls and convoy
dues were multiplied, as innkeepers and all handiworkers of use
and pleasure have knowledge; for many sellers bring good sale and
cheapness into the Wares.
"Furthermore, the good gold and silver Monies are brought out of the
land by the Companies, who everywhere do buy them up and change them.
Within a short time Rhenish gold will have been changed and melted
from far-seeking lust of gain. Therefore are there already in divers
towns risings of the poor man, which, where it be not prevented,
will, it is to be feared, extend further and more.
"II. _Now it be asked, are all Companies to be therefore destroyed?_
We have now already shown cause why the great Companies mighty in
money should be scattered and not be borne with. But, therefore, it is
not said that all Companies and common trading should be wholly cut
away; this were indeed against the Commonweal and very burdensome,
harmful and foolish to the whole German nation; for therefrom would
follow (1) that one should give strength, help and fellowship to
Frenchmen and foreign nations, that they should undertake and carry
out that which with so much pains we have gone forth to destroy.
These foreign nations would then suck out the whole German land. (2)
Furthermore, if each would trade singly and should lose thereby, that
would then be to his undoing, and also to theirs who had entrusted
to him their Goods. That may not happen where divers persons join
together with moderation. (3) Such a forbidding would solely serve
the rich to their advantage, who in all cases everywhere do pluck
the grain for themselves and do leave the chaff for others. Of these
rich, some are so placed that they are able even to do that which now
great Companies do and which is thought to be so sore an oppression.
Therewith would the matter not be bettered, but only a covering would
be set upon it. (4) Trading and industry do bring this with them, that
the Wares should not be sought in one place alone. One man is not
able, and more especially not at the time when there is need thereof.
The issue would be that trade in the land would be forbidden and it
would serve the gain of foreign nations, and especially at this time
[hurt?] the Germans; but to hire servants and to send such in his
stead to another place needs money, and small Stocks will hardly bear
the holding of domestics; many there be, indeed, who are not able to
provide for themselves, let alone for servants.
"III. What proposals are now to be put forth for the staying of the
aforesaid forbidden practice?
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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