_Crinem--submittere_. We find this custom (_of letting the hair and beard grow long_) later among the Lombards and the Saxons, cf. Turn. His. Ang. Sax., App. to B. 2. _Super--spolia_, i.e. _over the bloody spoils_ of a slain enemy. _Revelant_, i.e. they remove the hair and beard, which have so long _veiled_ the face. _Retulisse==repaid, discharged their obligations to those who gave them birth_. _Squalor_. This word primarily denotes roughness; secondarily and usually filth: here the deformity of unshorn hair and beard. _Insuper_, i.e. besides the long hair and beard. The proper position of _insuper_ is, as here, between the adj. and subs., cf. 34: immensos _insuper_ lacus; see also _insuper_, 12. _Absolvat_. Subj. after _donec_. So _faciat_ below. See note, 1. _Hic--habitus_, sc. _ferreum annulum_, cf. 17. _Plurimis_==permultis, Rit. _Placet_. Antithetic to _ignominiosum genti_. Very many of the Chatti are _pleased_ with that which is esteemed a disgrace by most Germans, and so pleased with it as to retain it to old age, and wear it as a badge of distinction (_canent insignes_). _Nova_. Al. _torva. Strange, unusual_. Placed in the _van_ (_prima acies_), because as the author says, § 43: primi in omnibus proeliis _oculi_ vincuntur. _Mansuescunt_. Primarily said of wild beasts, _accustomed to the hand of man_ or _tamed_. So _immanis_, _not_ handled, wild, savage. The clause introduced by _nam_ illustrates or enforces _visu nova_, and may be rendered thus: _for not even in time of peace do they grow gentle_ and put on _a milder aspect_. _Exsanguis_. Usually lifeless or pale. Here _languid, feeble_. XXXII. _Alveo_==quoad alveum. Abl. of respect, H. 429; Z. 429. _Certum. Fixed, well defined_, i.e. not divided and diffused, (so as to form of itself no sufficient border or boundary to the Roman Empire) as it was nearer its source among the Chatti. So this disputed word seems to be explained by the author himself in the following clause; _quique terminus esse sufficiat==and such that it suffices to be a boundary_. _Qui==talis ut_; hence followed by the subj. H. 500, I.; Z. 558. So Mela (3, 2) contrasts _solidus et certo alveo lapsus_ with _huc et illuc dispergitur_. _Tencteris_==apud Tencteros, by _enallage_, cf. note on _ad patrem_, 20, and other references there. The Tencteri and Usipii seem to have been at length absorbed into the mass of people, who appear under the later name of Alemanni. Cf. Prichard. _Familiam. Servants_, cf. note on same word, 15. See also Beck Gall., Exc. 1. Sc. 1.--Penates==our _homestead_. _Jura succesionum==heir looms_, all that goes down by hereditary descent. _Excipit_. Here in the unusual sense of _inherits.--Cetera_, sc. _jura successionum_. _Bello_. Abl. and limits both _ferox_ and _melior_. Meaning: _The horses are inherited, not, like the rest of the estate, by the eldest son, but by the bravest_.