Now a word about the =breasts=. They appear to be merely large, soft masses of fat, one on each side of the chest, having no connection with the pelvic organs. But in reality they are very complicated glands and strangely enough, though no one knows why, their activities are controlled by the activities of the generative organs down in the pelvis. Certain it is that their function is very important to the baby, for the breasts are the factories in which nourishment is produced to nourish him during the first few months after he is born. [Illustration: FIG. 5.—Front view of breast, showing areola; openings from milk ducts and the glands beneath the skin. ] If we could look inside of the breasts we should see that in structure they are much like several clusters of grapes in which the stems and grapes are hollow. The milk is formed in the tiny sacs corresponding to the grapes, and pours into the little tubes conforming to the stems; these empty into a central tube, opening upon the surface of the nipple from which the baby will extract his nourishment. If you will look at Fig. 5 you will see in that picture of the front of a breast, that a part of it apparently has been magnified to show these openings of the milk ducts. There are about fifteen or twenty of them in each nipple. The picture shows also the little glands which appear as small lumps under the skin around the nipple, both in the dark circle called the _areola_ and in the white skin surrounding it. Summing up this chapter briefly, we find that the pelvis is an irregular, bony canal or basin, drawn in about the middle, thus forming the upper, or false pelvis and lower or true pelvis, neither of which has a bottom. The opening between these two basins is called the inlet, while the lower margin of the true pelvis is called the outlet, but it is the inlet that is of particular importance during childbirth. In the center of the lower pelvis and swung upon ligaments attached to its sides is the uterus, whose lower part, called the cervix, extends downward into the vagina; while reaching out from the upper corners of the uterus are the tubes, and near their open ends, one on each side, are the ovaries filled with germ cells called ova. The bladder lies in front of the uterus and vagina and the rectum behind, while below is the perineum, forming a floor to the pelvic cavity. Every four weeks during the childbearing years an ovum is expelled from one of the ovaries into the abdominal cavity and the uterus regularly prepares to receive it in case of its fertilization, but if it is not fertilized the ovum is lost and menstruation occurs. We see, too, that although the breasts are situated remotely from the pelvic organs they are really very important accessories, since they provide milk to nourish the baby after his life within the uterus is terminated by his birth. CHAPTER IV HOW THE BABY DEVELOPS BEFORE HE IS BORN