Giant brains; or, Machines that thinkBerkeley, Edmund Callis
Science
Giant brains; or, Machines that think
Berkeley, Edmund Callis
Computers -- Popular works
_Table tapes_, which contain tables of numbers to
be referred to from time to time.
_Routine tapes_, which contain the program, or
routine, or sequence of steps that the machine is to
carry out.
In each of these tapes one character takes up ⅒ of an inch along the
tape. In the case of a table tape, however, an ordinary 1-digit number
requires 4 characters on the tape, and a 7-digit number requires 11
characters on the tape. On a table tape there will be on the average
about 1 inch of tape per number.
The Processor
The two paper tapes prepared on the perforator should agree. But
whether or not they agree, a girl takes them over to the processor and
puts them both in. The processor has two tape feeds, and she puts one
tape on each and starts the machine. The processor compares them row by
row, making sure that they agree, and punches a new tape row by row.
If the two input tapes disagree, the processor stops. You can look to
see which tape is right, and then you can put the correct punch into
the new tape with a keyboard mounted on the processor. As the processor
compares the two input tapes, it also converts any number written in
the usual way into machine language. For example, the processor will
automatically translate 23,188 into +.231 8800 × 10⁺⁵. The processor
also puts in certain safeguards. If you want it to, the processor will
also make a printed record of a tape. Also, when a tape becomes worn
from use in the machine, you can put it into the processor and make a
fresh copy.
The Problem Positions
Next, the girl takes the punched tape made by the processor over to a
problem position that is idle. Two of the problem positions are always
busy guiding the two computers. The other two problem positions stand
by, ready to be loaded with problems.
A problem position looks like a large covered-over table. Under
the covers are 12 tape feeds, or _tape transmitters_. All these
transmitters look exactly alike except for their labels and consist
of regular teletype transmitters. Six-hole paper tape can be fed into
any transmitter. Six metal fingers sense the holes in the paper tape
and give out electrical impulses at proper times. At the front of the
problem position is a small group of switches that provide complete
control over the problem while it is on the machine. These are switches
for starting, disconnecting, momentary stop, etc.
One tape transmitter is the problem tape transmitter. It takes in
all the data for the problem such as the starting numbers. The first
thing it does at the start of a problem is to check (by comparing tape
numbers) that the right tapes are in the right feeds.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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