Bruno; but the principles of the Art which it describes are those of Bruno, or Ravenna, or of some common source, more skilfully arranged and more aptly expressed. VII [Sidenote: _The Thirty Seals._] [Sidenote: _Cena de le Ceneri._] [Sidenote: _De la causa, principio et Uno_, 1584.] [Sidenote: _De l'infinito universo et Mondi._] No fewer than seven works from Bruno's facile pen were published in England; the first of these was the Thirty Seals, and the Seal of Seals (1583) _Explicatio Triginta Sigillorum, quibus adjectus est Sigillus[64] Sigillorum_. It was dedicated to Mauvissière, but the introductory epistle was addressed to the Vice-Chancellor of Oxford. Bound along with it, in front, was a _Modern and Complete Art of Remembering_ which is merely a reprint of the last part of the _Cantus Circæus_. The work belongs to the mnemonic and psychological writings of Bruno; the thirty seals are hints "for the acquiring, arranging, and recollecting of all sciences and arts," the Seal of Seals "for comparing and explaining all operations of the mind. And it may be called Art of Arts; for here you will easily find all that is theoretically enquired into by logic, metaphysics, the cabala, natural magic, arts great and small." (The part called _Sigillus Sigillorum_ was a volume of Bruno's _Clavis Magna_, perhaps the only volume published.) It was followed by an Italian dialogue, "the Ash Wednesday Supper," _La Cena de le Ceneri_, also dedicated to Mauvissière. Written in praise of the Copernican theory, it goes beyond Copernicus himself in its intuition of the infinity of the universe, of the identity of matter in the earth with the matter of the planets and stars, and of the possibility that such living beings inhabit them as inhabit the earth: earth and stars themselves are also said to be living organisms: so there are not seven planets or wandering stars only, but innumerable such; for every world, whether of the sun-type or of the earth-type, is in motion, its motion proceeding from the spirit within it. Finally, this philosophy is shown to be in complete accord with all true religion, to conflict only with the false. After the "Ash-Wednesday Supper" came "Cause, Principle, and Unity" (_De la causa, principio et Uno_), 1584; again dedicated to Mauvissière.[65] The first of its dialogues is an apology for the _Cena_, which, as we have seen, had caused considerable feeling in Bruno's circle of readers, for the severity and irony of its strictures upon Oxford, and England generally. In the others the immanence or spirituality of all causation; the eternity of matter; its divinity as the potentiality of all life; its realisation in the universe as a whole (as a "formed" thing); the infinite whole and the innumerable parts, as different aspects of the same: the origin of evil and of death: the coincidence of matter and form in the One: the source of all individual and finite forms in the one material substance: the