A few years after he drove Bruno from Helmstadt he himself was dethroned from his place of authority, "ordered to stick to his last," and had to leave Helmstadt in the end (1601). No doubt it is against him that the invectives in _De Immenso_,[97] are directed:--"This scholarch, excelling director of the school of Minerva: this Rhadamanthus of boys, without a shadow of an idea even of ordinary philosophy, lauds to the skies the Peripatetic, and dares to criticise the thoughts of diviner men (whose ashes are to be preferred to the souls of such as these)." Later Boethius also had to be suppressed by the consistory.[98] The young Duke, with whom no doubt Bruno stood in favour, since he presented him with eighty _scudi_ after the funeral oration, was of the opposite party to Hofmann, but even with this support the Italian could not struggle against his enemies, and towards the middle of 1590 he left for Frankfort, "in order to get two books printed." XIII [Sidenote: Frankfort.] [Sidenote: Zürich, 1591.] These were the great Latin works he had been writing, perhaps begun in England itself;--the _De Minimo_, and the _De Immenso_, with the _De Monade_ as a part of or introduction to the latter. The printing, however, was not begun till the following year: the censor's permission was obtained for the first of them only in March 1591, and it appeared in the catalogue of the Spring bookmarket. He again sought and found patronage with an old friend of Sir Philip Sidney, one of the Wechels, famous printers of their day, in the house of another of whom (André) Sidney had lived. In the protocol-book of the council of Frankfort, under the date July 2, 1590, a petition of _Jordanus Brunus_ of Nola is mentioned, in which he asks permission to stay in the house of the printer Wechel. This, as the book of the Burgomaster under the same date shows, was roughly refused:--"_Soll man ime sein pitt abschlagen, und sagen, das er sein pfennig anderswo verzehre_"--"his petition is to be refused and he is to be told go and spend his coin elsewhere." In spite of this refusal, Wechel found Bruno lodging in the Carmelite Monastery, where he stayed, working with his own hands at the printing of his books, for some six months,--until December, perhaps, of that year. Frankfort was the main centre of the book world in those days; to its half-yearly book-marts printers and sellers came from all parts of Europe to see the new books of the world, to dispose of their goods, to stock their houses. Among others in this year came the booksellers Ciotto and Bertano, who afterwards were witnesses before the Inquisition, and who stayed in the monastery probably in September of that year, where they met Bruno. In the dedication of the _De Minimo_, of date February 13, 1591, Bruno's publishers wrote that "he had only the last folium of the work to correct, when by an unforeseen chance he was hurried away, and could not put the finishing hand upon it, as he had done on the rest of the