I arrived at Farrandsville, Clinton County, Pennsylvania, early on
Tuesday morning, October the 11th, 1898, and found a boy, who worked
in a brick mill, as guide to the caves.[11] After emptying a small,
flat bottomed boat of the water of which it was half full, we rowed
across the Susquehanna River; then we walked up the road, along the
river bank, for a couple of hundred meters, and struck up the so-called
path to the caves. Although the whole of the mountain side was at the
disposal of the road maker, no better plan seems to have suggested
itself than to make the track go straight up. This saved making
zigzags, yet the result is that the path is steep, and as it is rocky
and slippery, it is hard travelling without bootnails or alpenstock.
[11] I learned of this cave from Mr. Eugene F. McCabe, of Renovo,
Pennsylvania. Mr. McCabe took out large pieces of ice from it in the
month of August. On December 23d, 1896, he found no ice inside the
cave, but a hoar frost covered the rocks; the temperature outside
was -5.6°; inside -4.5°: the day was clear and there was no breeze;
several matches lighted in the cave were almost instantly blown out by
a current of air coming from crevices in the rocks.
Mr. Ira C. Chatham, postmaster at Farrandsville, wrote to me on the
19th of October, 1898, as follows: "Your paper on Ice Caves [Journal
of the Franklin Institute, March, 1897] at pp. 177 and 178 describes
the Farrandsville Cave as near as is possible, as the ice forms in the
spring from the snow melting and dropping through the rocks into the
cave, and the rocks face directly north as stated."
As we went up, I noticed, in one or two places, cold draughts issuing
from crevices in the rocks. We soon came to a hollow under a rock,
where there were a number of cracks and crevices: the boy spoke of it
as the lower cave. It is some sixty meters above the Susquehanna River
and cold draughts flowed from the cracks, although we saw no ice. The
cave was about twenty meters higher up. One could crawl into it for
a couple of meters, and all round it the rocks are somewhat creviced;
in fact, I think there are a good many cracks in the entire hill.
There was no ice in sight in this hole, but a strong, cold draught
poured from it. After an exposure of fifteen minutes the thermometer
registered 6° C.; while outside, in the shade, it stood at 15° C. This
decidedly sub-normal temperature proved unmistakably, in my opinion,
the presence of ice a little further than we could see in. Both holes
face about north and are sheltered, by their position and by the sparse
forest which covers the ridge, against all winds except those from the
north.
I talked to the postmaster and the railroad agent at Farrandsville
on my return, and they stated that there was no ice in the hole in
winter, but that it formed about April and remained over until towards
September, showing that the cave is a normal glacière on a small scale.
GLACIÈRES NEAR SUMMIT.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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