English essays -- 20th century; Great Britain -- Politics and government -- 1901-1910
The nearest thing to a least common denominator which I can find after
searching diligently the speeches of the Liberal leaders and their
backers is that most of them are in favour of doing something to
the “land monopoly.” Exactly what they propose to do to it I cannot
quite discover. “Overthrowing the land monopoly” may mean Leasehold
Enfranchisement; it may mean the Taxation of Land Values; it may
mean Small Holdings, Free Sale or the Nationalisation of Land. The
last suggestion may be dismissed; we are certainly no more likely to
get that from the Liberals than from the Tories. Small Holdings are
excellent things, but the principle has been conceded, and we are as
likely to get a further extension of it from the Tories as from the
Liberals, in any case this policy does not touch the essence of the
social question. Leasehold Enfranchisement, Free Sale, etc., are sham
reforms of middle-class origin of which we now hear little. There
remains the Taxation of Land Values.
The Taxation of Land Values is very popular with the Liberals just
now. Whether it would be equally popular with them were they in office
is perhaps a matter for legitimate speculation. It will be remembered
that it was part of their programme in 1892, and is to this day faintly
discernable on the newly cleaned slate of the party. As however it is
re-emerging into prominence it maybe well to say something in reference
to it.
A good deal of confusion is inevitable concerning this particular
proposal, arising from the fact that it may be regarded in two entirely
different lights. It may be considered simply as one way among many
others of raising revenue to meet necessary public expenditure, or it
may be regarded as a practical application of the economic doctrines
associated with the name of Henry George, who taught that all revenue
should be raised by a single tax (or more properly rent) on the site
value of land. Now Georgian economics have made practically no headway
in this country; their _a priori_ logic, their reliance on abstract
assumptions rather than on history and practical experiment, their
rigidity and inflexibility of application, are exasperating to a people
naturally impatient of metaphysics but keenly alive to immediate
social needs. People who begin their economic speculations, as the
Georgites generally do, by discussing what are the natural rights of
man and deducing from this an ideally perfect system of taxation and
government put themselves out of court with practical men. There are
no natural rights of man; there is no abstractly perfect economic
or political system; we are painfully struggling by means of many
experiments and many failures towards something like a decently
workable one.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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