_Monographia della Vetraria Veneziana_. Venice, 1873. _Museo Civico di Murano_; _Guida di Murano_. Venice, 1866. KEY TO THE PRECEDING LIST _Egyptian_, _etc._ Griffith, Layard, Petrie. _Greco-Roman and Roman._ Deville, Froehner, Fowler, Minutoli, Naples Museum, Nesbitt, Pliny. _Early Christian_, _Byzantine_, _Anglo-Saxon_, _etc._ Brent, Dalton, Garrucci, Heraclius, Passini, Read, Theophilus, Vopel. _Saracenic and Perso-Indian._ Lane-Poole, Dobbs, Read, Schmoranz. _Venetian_ (Murano and Altare). Biringuccio, Bontemps, Bordoni, Busselin, Cecchetti, Fioravanti, Garzoni, Houdoy, Labarte, Lazari, Neri, Pinchart, Santi, Schuermans, Zanetti. _French and Spanish._ Boutellier, Fillon, Fourcaud, Gamier, Gerspach, Pelletier, Riaño. _German._ Agricola, Brinckmann, Von Czihak, Friedrich, Kunckel, Lobmeyr, Mathesius, Schebek. _English._ Bate, Hallen, Hartshorne, Merret, Owen, Pellat. _Chinese._ Bapst, Bushell, Hirth. _Technical._ Appert, Blancourt, Bontemps, Bosc d’Antic, D’Holbach, Kunckel, Lobmeyr, Loysel, Merret, Neri, Peligot, Pellat, Porter, Powell, Ure. _General and historical._ Brinckmann, Franks, Garnier, Gerspach, Havard, Labarte, Lacroix, Nesbitt, Sauzay. GLASS CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Glass is a substance in so many ways connected with the conveniences and amenities of our daily life, and the word calls up so many varied associations, that I must here at the very beginning make clear with what a comparatively small proportion of the manifold applications of the substance I have to deal. In the first place, this is an art history, so that with methods of manufacture and practical uses we are only concerned so far as they may influence or help to explain points of artistic interest. Again, even on the artistic side, it is not with every branch of the varied applications of glass that we shall be occupied in this work. By an anomaly of the English language, whose vocabulary for matters connected with the arts is so strangely deficient, we have come to understand by the term ‘glass,’ when used without further explanation, what is called in the trade ‘hollow ware,’ the _verrerie_ of the French; in other words—vessels of glass. The term may also be extended to include various minor applications of the material—beads, small ornaments, etc., what the French call _verroterie_. But the application of glass to windows, especially when coloured and stained glass is in question, to say nothing of work in mosaic, is usually, although not always, held to lie outside this narrower connotation of the word.