Golden rules of medical evidenceAtkinson, Stanley B. (Stanley Bean)
Science
Golden rules of medical evidence
Atkinson, Stanley B. (Stanley Bean)
Medical jurisprudence
For a complete investigation three sets of facts must be collated:
1. The details of the environment of the corpse, when and where first
seen.
2. The personality and personal history of the deceased.
3. The result of an exhaustive external and internal _post-mortem_
examination.
_a. The Manner of the Report_:
Reports should be =short= and =distinct=; all unnecessary words
should be omitted.
The paragraphs should be numbered: this facilitates reference.
Names and figures must be written plainly, and underlined.
=Technical terms= should be used only if the report is intended for
the use of a public authority; if used otherwise they should be
explained.
=Beware= of writing “There is no ...” when you intend to report “I
can find no....”
Exclude uncalled-for reasons, opinions, and comments.
“Science is measurement.” Everything that can be, should be
=measured=. Anatomical and chronological order and exactness should
be aimed at.
For immediate comparison, quote easily recognized English standards.
“The _sometimes_ of the cautious is the _often_ of the sanguine, the
_always_ of the empiric, the _never_ of the sceptic: but the numbers
1, 10, 100, 1000 have but one meaning for all mankind.”
In important cases the report should be type-written in duplicate and
signed, one copy being handed to the Court.
_b. The Matter of the Report_:
The date and time of day of each examination, and the names of all
persons present thereat, should be stated.
There must be a very sharp division made between:
(a) =Information= received and from whom—this is hearsay.
“Never believe what a patient says another doctor said.”
Never sign a certificate to oblige another practitioner, without
personally examining the patient.
(b) =Facts= found by personal examination or under personal
supervision.
The results of a complete methodical external (anterior and
posterior) and internal investigation must be detailed; the condition
of the =diseased organs= may be recorded first, the =healthy organs=
being mentioned after, exhaustively.
After entering all the pertinent facts, summarize the =main points=,
and conclude with the =probable cause= of the pathological conditions
found.
=Sign= the report, affixing your medical qualifications and the
date; secure the signature of other medical men who may be present.
While in your care, keep the report under lock and key.
Append any =sketches= or =photographs=, carefully numbered, which
elucidate the case.
Retain an identical copy of the report for reference.
=B. WHEN IN COURT=,
BEFORE BEING “SWORN.”
All testimony given at this stage is null and void, and may render
the speaker liable to an action for defamation. Do not omit to be
“sworn” before speaking.
Should you wish to object to giving evidence on the grounds:
_a._ That your fee (for expenses and loss of time) has not been paid
by the solicitor calling you.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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