[3] Wu Chih-fang, _Chinese Government and Politics_, p. 361, Shanghai, 1934. Wu's work, and Kalfred Dip Lum, _Chinese Government_, Shanghai, 1934, are the two surveys in a Western language of modern Chinese government. Wu's work, while carefully done and containing a great deal of useful material, is patterned rather closely after Western works on Western government and makes no attempt to transpose Chinese politics into Chinese terms, nor does it give adequate documentation of Chinese sources; Lum's outline is based in great part on first-hand contact with Chinese politics and, while brief, is helpful, especially on Kuomintang organization and problems. M. T. Z. Tyau, _Two Years of Nationalist China_, Shanghai, 1930, is a statistical and official commemoration volume and useful within its obvious limitations; anonymous, _Twenty-five Years of the Chinese Republic_, Nanking, 1937, contains short essays and monographs, some excellent, some undistinguished, on the Nanking regime and its predecessors. See also Sih-gung Cheng, _Modern China: A Political Study_, Oxford, 1919, and the "China" issue of _The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science_, vol. 152, Philadelphia, 1930. [4] Jermyn Chi-hung Lynn, _Political Parties in China_, Peking, 1930, gives the most detailed outline of political parties yet available. Bitterly anti-Kuomintang, the author became pro-Japanese in the autumn of 1937. [5] Harold M. Vinacke, _Modern Constitutional Development in China_, pp. 145-146, 150, Princeton, 1920. [6] See Wu, _op. cit._ in note 3, pp. 50-51, for the problem of constitutional succession. [7] Bertram Lennox-Simpson, who wrote under the pseudonym Putnam Weale, was an Englishman native to North China who spent his life editing newspapers, writing books, and playing the game of North Chinese politics. He was murdered in 1931. His books cover the period from the Boxer incident to the triumph of the Nationalists of Nanking, and--while not always reliable in detail--are stimulating contemporary documents. _The Fight for the Republic in China_, London, 1918, and _The Vanished Empire_, London, 1926, are very readable. His novels, which suffer from neglect, present some aspects of Chinese and foreign life in the North which are not dealt with by any other writer with the same qualifications. [8] A. N. Holcombe, _The Chinese Revolution_, pp. 96-101, Cambridge, 1930, discusses this point with clarity and vigor. [9] Jean Escarra, _Le droit chinois_, p. 133, Peiping and Paris, 1936. [10] W. W. Willoughby, the very competent and sympathetic adviser to the Chinese delegation at the Washington Conference, has written _China at the Conference_, Baltimore, 1922, and _Foreign Rights and Interests in China_, 2 vols., Baltimore, 1927. For further treatment of recent Chinese foreign relations see, among others, R. T. Pollard, _China's Foreign Relations_, 1917-1931, New York, 1933.