E-text prepared by Juliet Sutherland, Julia Neufeld, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this file which includes the original illustrations. See 38014-h.htm or 38014-h.zip: (https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/38014/pg38014-images.html) or (https://www.gutenberg.org/files/38014/38014-h.zip) Transcriber's note: Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_). Text enclosed by equal signs is in bold face (=bold=). Small capital text has been replaced with all capitals. [Illustration: CAPITOL, WASHINGTON, D.C.] GOVERNMENT IN THE UNITED STATES National, State, and Local by JAMES W. GARNER Professor of Political Science in the University of Illinois New York Cincinnati Chicago American Book Company Copyright, 1911, 1913, 1919, 1920, by James W. Garner Copyright, 1922, by American Book Company Entered at Stationers' Hall, London Govt. U. S. W. P. 29 Made in U. S. A. PREFACE My aim in the preparation of this book has been to present in an elementary way the leading facts concerning the organization and activities of national, state, and local government in the United States. I have given rather greater emphasis than is customarily done in textbooks of this character to what may be called the dynamics of government, that is, its actual workings, as contradistinguished from organization. Likewise, I have laid especial stress upon the activities and methods of political parties, party conventions, primaries, the conduct of political campaigns, the regulation of campaign methods, and the like. The increasing importance of citizenship has led me to devote a chapter to that subject. To encourage wider reading among students, I have added to each chapter a brief list of references to books which should be in every high school library. The great value of illustrative material as a means of acquainting students with the spirit and actual methods of government is now recognized. For the convenience of teachers, I have therefore added at the end of each chapter a list of documentary and other illustrative material, most of which can be procured without cost and all of which may be used to advantage in supplementing the descriptive matter in the textbook. To stimulate the spirit of research and to encourage independent thinking among students, I have also added at the end of each chapter a list of search questions bearing upon the various subjects treated in the chapter.