Grace, Actual and Habitual: A Dogmatic TreatisePohle, Joseph
Religion
Grace, Actual and Habitual: A Dogmatic Treatise
Pohle, Joseph
Grace (Theology)
a) In this the Syncretistic school is undoubtedly right. Sacred Scripture
and Tradition both strongly emphasize the importance and necessity of
prayer, so much so that one naturally expects to find prayer playing an
essential and indispensable rôle in every complete and orthodox system of
grace. “The present economy of grace is essentially and intrinsically an
economy of prayer,” is a theological axiom which cannot be too strongly
insisted upon. To have brought out this great truth forcibly and
luminously is the merit of Syncretism.
b) We do not mean to intimate, however, that the Syncretistic theory has
solved the problem of the relation between free-will and grace. On the
contrary, by adopting two such heterogeneous concepts as _gratia efficax
ab intrinseco_ and _gratia efficax ab extrinseco_ it has actually
increased the difficulties found in the other systems. For now we are put
before the dilemma:—the Thomistic _gratia efficax_ either supposes
free-will or it does not: if it does, there is no reason to limit this
grace to the more difficult works of salvation; if it does not, then the
_gratia efficax_ can be of no assistance in the performance of more
difficult works, because these too, to be meritorious, require the
coöperation of free-will.
The Syncretists try to evade this dilemma by contending that prayer, as
the connecting link, communicates its own liberty and meritoriousness to
the salutary acts performed through its agency, in other words, that these
acts are the effect of prayer (_effectus orationis_). But aside from the
fact that prayer itself is quite often a difficult act, the more arduous
works of salvation would in the Syncretist hypothesis be stripped of their
meritoriousness and degraded to the level of a _voluntarium in causa_,
which is an untenable assumption.(778) Finally, there is something
illogical and unsatisfactory in admitting on equal terms, as it were, two
such incompatible notions as the Thomistic _cognitio Dei in decretis
praedeterminantibus_ and the Molinistic _scientia media_.
Thus in the end all attempts to harmonize the dogmas of grace and
free-will fail to solve the mystery, and we are compelled to exclaim with
St. Paul: “O the depth of the riches of the wisdom and of the knowledge of
God! How incomprehensible are His judgments, and how unsearchable His
ways!”(779)
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