_ 115 De Lib. Arbitr._, III, 16: “_Ex eo quod non accepit, nullus reus est; ex eo autem quod non facit quod debet, iuste reus est. Debet autem [facere], si accepit et voluntatem liberam et sufficientissimam facultatem._” On the Jansenist distortions of St. Augustine’s teaching see Palmieri, _De Gratia Divina Actuali_, thes. 48. The doctrine of the Greek Fathers is thoroughly rehearsed by Isaac Habert, _Theol. Patr. Graec._, II, 6 sq. _ 116 Conc. Vat.,_ Sess. III, De Revel., can. 1: “_Si quis dixerit, Deum unum et verum, Creatorem et Dominum nostrum, per ea, quae facta sunt, naturali rationis humanae lumine certo cognosci non posse, anathema sit._” _ 117 Conc. Vat._, Sess. III, cap. 4: “_Hoc quoque perpetuus Ecclesiae catholicae consensus tenuit et tenet, duplicem esse ordinem cognitionis, non solum principio, sed obiecto etiam distinctum: principio quidem, quia in altero naturali ratione et altero fide divinâ cognoscimus; obiecto autem, quia praeter ea, ad quae naturalis ratio pertingere potest, credenda nobis proponuntur mysteria in Deo abscondita, quae, nisi revelata divinitus, innotescere non possunt._” (Denzinger-Bannwart, n. 1795.) 118 Nicholas d’Autricourt, a master in the University of Paris, in 1348, was compelled by the Sorbonne and the Apostolic See to retract a number of propositions taken from his writings which were infected with scepticism. These propositions, most of which had been censured as heretical, and some as merely false, may be found in Natalis Alexander, _Hist. Eccles._, ed. Bing., XV, 195, and also, with some explanatory remarks, in Denifle-Chatelain, _Chartularium Univ. Paris._, II, 1, Paris 1891. 119 “_Klotz-, Stock- und Steintheorie_.” 120 On Traditionalism, see Pohle-Preuss, _God: His Knowability, Essence, and Attributes_, pp. 44 sqq., 2nd ed., St. Louis 1914. 121 Wisd. XIII, 1 sqq.; Rom. I, 20 sq.; Rom. II, 14 sq. Cfr. Pohle-Preuss, _op. cit._, pp. 17 sqq. _ 122 Ibid._, pp. 38 sqq. _ 123 Summa Theol_., 1a, qu. 2, art. 2, ad 1: “_Deum esse et alia huiusmodi ... non sunt articuli fidei, sed praeambula ad articulos; sic enim fides praesupponit cognitionem naturalem, sicut gratia naturam et perfectio perfectibile_.” _ 124 Luther’s Werke_, ed. Walch, XII, 400, Halle 1742: “_Alles, was sie örtert und schleusst, so gewisslich falsch und irrig ist, als Gott lebt._” _ 125 Conc. Trid._, Sess. VI, cap. 1 and canon 5. 126 On the _vulnera naturae_ cfr. Pohle-Preuss, _God the Author of Nature and the Supernatural_, pp. 298 sqq., St. Louis 1912. Already St. Augustine observed: “_Ad miseriam iustae damnationis pertinet ignorantia et difficultas, quam patitur homo ab exordio nativitatis suae, nec ab isto malo nisi Dei gratiâ liberatur._” (_Retract._, I. 9.)