Graham's Magazine, Vol. XL, No. 6, June 1852Various
General
Graham's Magazine, Vol. XL, No. 6, June 1852
Various
Literature -- Periodicals; Literature, Modern -- 19th century -- Periodicals
It would be impossible in our limited space to convey an idea of the
contents of these volumes. Beginning with the proposition that
philosophy is a special want and necessary product of the human mind,
and the last development of thought, Cousin proceeds to show that it has
existed in every epoch of humanity, is a real element of universal
history, and contains the explanation of its various parts. He thus
explains Indian Civilization by the Bhagavad-Gita, the age of Pericles
by the philosophy of Socrates, the sixteenth century by the philosophy
of Descartes, the eighteenth century by the philosophy of Condillac and
Helvetius. He then states the psychological method in history, a method
which is neither empirical or speculative, but combines the two, seeking
in history the development of the human reason. After stating the
fundamental ideas of history, which are the fundamental ideas of the
human reason, namely, the Infinite, the finite, and the relation between
the two, he treats the great epochs of history as answering to the
successive development of these ideas. The influence of geography, of
nations, and of great men, in history, is then stated with great
eloquence, force, and subtle complication of truth and paradox. Some
vigorous sketches of the historians of humanity and philosophy, in which
their merits are luminously exhibited and their defects acutely
analyzed, are followed by a view of the philosophy of the 19th century.
The eclectic tendency of European society and philosophy is noted, and
the necessity is shown of a new general history of philosophy to explain
the new movement of thought. Next follows a picture of the eighteenth
century, with the character and method of its philosophy. Its different
systems are not peculiar to that century; and the origin, natural
development, relative utility, and intrinsic merit of Sensualism,
Idealism, Skepticism, and Mysticism, the four classes into which all
ideas fall, are vigorously and clearly stated. The history of these is
then given, in a splendid review of the Hindoo, Greek, Scholastic, and
modern philosophies; and the sensualism of the eighteenth century is
traced to all its sources. A criticism of Locke, running through ten
lectures, and generally considered to be the ablest of Cousin’s
productions, concludes the work.
It will be seen, even from this bold outline, that all the questions
which have puzzled human reason, and to which it has at different
periods given different answers, are stated and discussed in Cousin’s
work. The splendor and the beauty, the unwearied energy and the rapid
movement of his style, carry the reader on to the end with hardly a
pause of distrust or fatigue; and we hope that a translation, executed
with such a lavish expenditure of intelligence and industry as Mr.
Wight’s, will meet with its due reward in an extensive circulation.
Certainly nothing which can by courtesy be called a library can afford
to be without it.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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