_Digraphis arundinacea_, Trin. (Reed-grass). Sheathed leaves round in section; blades convolute, tapering above, flat, firm, long and broad (1 in.) below. Mid-rib and veins numerous, and prominent below. Stoloniferous: branches extra-vaginal, often with deep red basal scales. Sheaths with much overlapping membranous margins, with a collar-like ledge above. Ligule long and somewhat acute. Wet ditches, &c., of no value (Figs. 7, 14). For distinction between _Digraphis_ and _Dactylis_ see p. 41. _Poa pratensis_ is at once distinguished by its flattened shoots, more rounded leaf apex and shorter ligule. _Arundo Phragmites_ is easily distinguished by the ligule (see p. 51), and the other aquatic grasses are quite different (see p. 39). _Phleum pratense_, L. (Timothy-grass). No stolons, but bulbous on dry ground. Early, and a heavy cropping hay grass: also excellent pasture; branches intra-vaginal, but burst the glabrous sheaths. Old sheaths fibrous. Leaves short, convolute, with scabrid margins owing to deflexed teeth: ridges obsolete above, no keel; broader and greyer green than _Alopecurus_. Ligule short on radical leaves, thin. Pastures. Perennial. The smooth ligule, deflexed marginal teeth, and no keel distinguish it from _Arrhenatherum_. _Phleum arenarium_, L. (Sand Phleum). Shoot annual, with no bulbs. Leaves broad, flat and glabrous, but rough at the edges, with descending teeth. Ridges low and flat. Sheaths smooth: leaves conduplicate. Ligule long. Sandy coasts, &c. A weed. _Phleum asperum_, Jacq. and P. _Bœhmeri_, Schrad. are rare ruderal plants, and _P. alpinum_, L. is confined to the Scotch Highlands. _P. arenarium_ is sharply distinct by its conduplicate leaves and habitat. _Alopecurus pratensis_ has narrower and less grey-green leaves than _Phleum pratense_, its ligule is shorter and blunter, its sheath more grooved and dark below, and the ridges more distinct and flat. It is relatively well rooted and is stoloniferous. _Arrhenatherum avenaceum_, Beauv. (False Oat-grass). Loose tufts with short stolons, or bulbous below. Leaves few, narrow, thin, dry, rough, with very low flat ribs, convolute in bud, and practically glabrous. Sheath smooth. Ligule truncate, hairy on its outer surface. Bitter, and commonly undervalued by agriculturists, but useful in mixed pasture, and yields bulky, coarse hay. There are often a few sparse isolated hairs on the low ribs. The base enters the sheath with slight and sometimes pinkish ledges. Ridges hardly observable. Traces of roughness if rubbed downwards. White lines, about 5 each side on holding up to the light. The not very long leaves taper slightly below. _Arrhenatherum_ is liable to confusion with _Holcus_, _Anthoxanthum_, _Molinia_ and _Avena_, but it is typically glabrous, whereas the others are hairy. From _Holcus_ it is easily distinguished by the sheaths, ligule and soft hairs of that genus.