Palea 2·4 mm. long, with infolded edges and punctate; a minute rachilla at its base, and a slender awn, 8-9 mm. or more long, inserted below the bifid tip. Caryopsis 1·5 mm. A few silky hairs at the base of the palea. (_b_) Awn terminal or slightly sub-terminal, and straight, or at least not twisted or “kneed.” (1) _Paleæ so closely adherent to the fruit that the terminal awn appears to come from the latter [Barley type]. The three florets generally coherent._ ✲ _Awn at least twice the length of the grain._ _Hordeum sylvaticum._ _H. murinum._ _Hordeum sylvaticum_, Huds. Palea scabrid, ribbed above, awn at least twice as long as the very narrow grain. _Hordeum murinum_, L. Lower palea 9-10 mm. long, five-ribbed, lanceolate and wrapped round and adhering to the fruit (grain), upper palea also ribbed. The grain about 7-8 mm. × 2 × 1·2, hardly grooved. Awn about 30 mm. long, serrulate. Rachilla slightly serrulate. ** _Awn not twice the length of the grain._ _Hordeum pratense._ _H. maritimum._ _Hordeum pratense_, Huds. Spikelet with a reddish tinge; awn almost smooth, less than 20 mm. long: not twice the length of the smooth and obscurely nerved grain. _Hordeum maritimum_, With., similar to _H. pratense_, but softer and the awn somewhat longer. The principal features of the _Hordeum_-grain are the closely adherent paleæ and angular fruit, the stiff awn appearing to come off from it as in _Barley_. The rachilla remains. They are all weeds of no use in agriculture, though _H. pratense_ is not uncommon in good pastures. (2) _Palea investing the caryopsis, often closely, but not fused with it, and its tip and awn quite free._ * Awn not strictly terminal but sub-terminal, or arising from between two teeth or in a sinus at the apex of the palea. † Caryopsis thin, flattened and usually 6-10 mm. long, and the paleæ hairy. ≡ _Palea inrolled, terete-lanceolate-acuminate, or linear-lanceolate (barge-shaped). Apical teeth minute and pointed._ Δ _Palea scaberulous or hairy, awn from half to about its own length._ _Bromus erectus._ _B. asper._ _Bromus erectus_, Huds. [Illustration: Fig. 71. _Bromus asper_, a barge-shaped “seed” with terminal awn, nat. size and × about 5. Cf. Fig. 50. Stebler.] [Illustration: Fig. 72. _Brachypodium sylvaticum_, a barge-shaped “seed” with terminal awn, natural size and × about 5. Cf. Fig. 77. Stebler.]