It will be remembered that we have to explain why the period of
revolution of the moon is now shorter than it used to be. If we
imagine the length of the period to be expressed in terms of days and
fractions of a day, that is to say, in terms of the rotations of the
earth around its axis, then the difficulty encountered is, that the
moon now requires for each of its revolutions around the earth rather
a smaller number of rotations of the earth around its axis than used
formerly to be the case. Of course this may be explained by the fact
that the moon is now moving more swiftly than of yore, but it is
obvious that an explanation of quite a different kind might be
conceivable. The moon may be moving just at the same pace as ever,
but the length of the day may be increasing. If the length of the
day is increasing, then, of course, a smaller number of days will be
required for the moon to perform each revolution even though the
moon's period was itself really unchanged. It would, therefore, seem
as if the phenomenon known as the lunar acceleration is the result of
the two causes. The first of these is that discovered by Laplace,
though its value was over-estimated by him, in which the perturbations
of the earth by the planets indirectly affect the motion of the
moon. The remaining part of the acceleration of our satellite is
apparent rather than real, it is not that the moon is moving more
quickly, but that our time-piece, the earth, is revolving more
slowly, and is thus actually losing time. It is interesting to note
that we can detect a physical explanation for the apparent checking
of the earth's motion which is thus manifested. The tides which ebb
and flow on the earth exert a brake-like action on the revolving
globe, and there can be no doubt that they are gradually reducing its
speed, and thus lengthening the day. It has accordingly been
suggested that it is this action of the tides which produces the
supplementary effect necessary to complete the physical explanation
of the lunar acceleration, though it would perhaps be a little
premature to assert that this has been fully demonstrated.
The third of Professor Adams' most notable achievements was connected
with the great shower of November meteors which astonished the world
in 1866. This splendid display concentrated the attention of
astronomers on the theory of the movements of the little objects by
which the display was produced. For the definite discovery of the
track in which these bodies revolve, we are indebted to the labours
of Professor Adams, who, by a brilliant piece of mathematical work,
completed the edifice whose foundations had been laid by Professor
Newton, of Yale, and other astronomers.
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