Meteors revolve around the sun in a vast swarm, every individual
member of which pursues an orbit in accordance with the well-known
laws of Kepler. In order to understand the movements of these
objects, to account satisfactorily for their periodic recurrence, and
to predict the times of their appearance, it became necessary to
learn the size and the shape of the track which the swarm followed,
as well as the position which it occupied. Certain features of the
track could no doubt be readily assigned. The fact that the shower
recurs on one particular day of the year, viz., November 13th,
defines one point through which the orbit must pass. The position on
the heavens of the radiant point from which the meteors appear to
diverge, gives another element in the track. The sun must of course
be situated at the focus, so that only one further piece of
information, namely, the periodic time, will be necessary to complete
our knowledge of the movements of the system. Professor H. Newton,
of Yale, had shown that the choice of possible orbits for the
meteoric swarm is limited to five. There is, first, the great
ellipse in which we now know the meteors revolve once every thirty
three and one quarter years. There is next an orbit of a nearly
circular kind in which the periodic time would be a little more than
a year. There is a similar track in which the periodic time would be
a few days short of a year, while two other smaller orbits would also
be conceivable. Professor Newton had pointed out a test by which it
would be possible to select the true orbit, which we know must be one
or other of these five. The mathematical difficulties which attended
the application of this test were no doubt great, but they did not
baffle Professor Adams.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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