There is a continuous advance in the date of this meteoric shower.
The meteors now cross our track at the point occupied by the earth on
November 13th, but this point is gradually altering. The only
influence known to us which could account for the continuous change
in the plane of the meteor's orbit arises from the attraction of the
various planets. The problem to be solved may therefore be attacked
in this manner. A specified amount of change in the plane of the
orbit of the meteors is known to arise, and the changes which ought
to result from the attraction of the planets can be computed for each
of the five possible orbits, in one of which it is certain that the
meteors must revolve. Professor Adams undertook the work. Its
difficulty principally arises from the high eccentricity of the
largest of the orbits, which renders the more ordinary methods of
calculation inapplicable. After some months of arduous labour the
work was completed, and in April, 1867, Adams announced his solution
of the problem. He showed that if the meteors revolved in the
largest of the five orbits, with the periodic time of thirty three
and one quarter years, the perturbations of Jupiter would account for
a change to the extent of twenty minutes of arc in the point in which
the orbit crosses the earth's track. The attraction of Saturn would
augment this by seven minutes, and Uranus would add one minute more,
while the influence of the Earth and of the other planets would be
inappreciable. The accumulated effect is thus twenty-eight minutes,
which is practically coincident with the observed value as determined
by Professor Newton from an examination of all the showers of which
there is any historical record. Having thus showed that the great
orbit was a possible path for the meteors, Adams next proved that no
one of the other four orbits would be disturbed in the same manner.
Indeed, it appeared that not half the observed amount of change could
arise in any orbit except in that one with the long period. Thus was
brought to completion the interesting research which demonstrated the
true relation of the meteor swarm to the solar system.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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