[Illustration: BUILDING A SKYSCRAPER] GREAT CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES HISTORICAL, DESCRIPTIVE, COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL BY GERTRUDE VAN DUYN SOUTHWORTH AUTHOR OF "BUILDERS OF OUR COUNTRY," BOOKS I AND II, "THE STORY OF THE EMPIRE STATE," AND "A FIRST BOOK IN AMERICAN HISTORY" AND STEPHEN ELLIOTT KRAMER ASSISTANT SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS, WASHINGTON, D.C. IROQUOIS PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. SYRACUSE, NEW YORK COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY GERTRUDE VAN DUYN SOUTHWORTH AND STEPHEN ELLIOTT KRAMER ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 316.3 PREFACE Just as the history of a country is largely the history of its great men, so the geography of a country is largely the story of its great cities. How much more easily history is grasped and remembered when grouped around attractive biographies. With great cities as the centers of geography-study, what is generally considered a dry, matter-of-fact subject can be made to attract, to inspire, and to fix the things which should be remembered. This book, "Great Cities of the United States," includes the ten largest cities of this country, together with San Francisco, New Orleans, and Washington. _In it the important facts of our country's geography have been grouped around these thirteen cities._ The story of Chicago includes the story of farming in the Middle West, of the great ore industry on and around the Great Lakes, and of the varied means of transportation. Cotton, sugar, and location are shown to account largely for the greatness of New Orleans. In a similar way, the stories of the other cities sum up the important geography of our country. Enough of the history of each city is given to show its growth and development. The distinctive points of interest are described so that one feels acquainted with the things which attract the sight-seer. The commercial and industrial features are made to stand out as the logical sequence of fortunate location for manufacturing, for securing raw materials, for markets, and for convenient means of transportation. In order to make uniformly fair comparisons, local statistics have been ignored and all data have been taken from the latest government reports. The authors wish to express their sincere appreciation to the historical societies, to the chambers of commerce, to those in the various cities who have furnished material and reviewed the manuscript, and to all others who have rendered assistance. It is hoped that by the use of this book our country, in all its greatness, will mean more and will appeal more to the boys and girls of America than ever before.