9. What are the advantages of water transportation over rail transportation? 10. In what respects is rail transportation better than water transportation? 11. Why was Chicago willing to spend millions of dollars to improve her water supply? How was this done? 12. Where are the workers secured to carry on the great industries of Chicago? 13. Make a table, by measurement of a map of the United States, showing the distance from Chicago to the following places: New York City Denver Boston Seattle Washington, D.C. San Francisco New Orleans St. Louis 14. In what respects does Chicago stand first of American cities, and in what two things does she lead the world? 15. Compare Chicago and New York as to exports and value of commerce. 16. What is the benefit of parks to a city? What has Chicago done to make her parks among the best in this country? PHILADELPHIA In early days, when there was no United States and our big America was a vast wilderness inhabited mostly by Indians, people who came here were thought very adventuresome and brave. At that time there lived in England a distinguished admiral who was a great friend of the royal family. The king owed him about $64,000, and at his death this claim was inherited by his son, William Penn. Now William Penn was an ardent Quaker, and because of the persecution of the Quakers in England he decided to found a Quaker colony in another country. King Charles II, who seldom had money to pay his debts, was only too glad to settle Penn's claim by a grant of land in America. To this grant, consisting of 40,000 square miles lying west of the Delaware River, the king gave the name Pennsylvania, meaning "Penn's Woods." The next year, 1682, William Penn and his Quaker followers entered the Delaware River in the ship _Welcome_. Penn believed in honesty and fair play. He was generous enough not to limit his colony to one religion or nationality. All who were honest and industrious were welcome. The laws he made were extremely just, and land was sold to immigrants on very easy terms. [Illustration: PENN'S TREATY WITH THE INDIANS] Soon after his arrival in America, Penn wisely made a treaty with the Indians whose wigwams and hunting grounds were on or near the banks of the Delaware River. Beneath the graceful branches of a great elm he and the Indian chief exchanged wampum belts, signifying peace and friendship. In the center of the belt which Penn received are two figures, one representing an Indian, the other a European, with hands joined in friendship. This belt is still preserved in Philadelphia by the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. [Illustration: PENN'S WAMPUM BELT] [Illustration: LOCATION OF PHILADELPHIA]