Transcribers' Note: Greek transliterations were added by the transcribers and enclosed in {curly braces.} GREAT FACTS. [Illustration: THE "GREAT EASTERN" STEAMSHIP, LAUNCHED 1858.] GREAT FACTS: A POPULAR HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION OF THE MOST REMARKABLE INVENTIONS DURING THE PRESENT CENTURY. BY FREDERICK C. BAKEWELL, AUTHOR OF "PHILOSOPHICAL CONVERSATIONS," "MANUAL OF ELECTRICITY," ETC. ILLUSTRATED WITH NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS. NEW YORK: D. APPLETON AND COMPANY, 346 & 348 BROADWAY. 1860. PREFACE. The conveniences, the comforts, and luxuries conferred on Society by the many important Inventions of the present century, must naturally excite a desire to know the origin and progress of the application of scientific principles, by which such advantages have been gained. Practically considered, those Inventions are of much greater value than the discoveries of Science on which most of them depend; and the scientific inquirer who confines his views to abstract principles, without looking beyond them to the varied methods of their application to useful purposes, may be compared to a traveller who, having toiled arduously to gain the top of a mountain, then shuts his eyes on the prospect that lies before him. To the inquiring youth, more particularly, it is desirable that he should be enabled to satisfy his wish to know by what means such wonders as Steam Navigation, Locomotion on Railways, the Electric Telegraph, and Photography have been gradually developed; and in becoming acquainted with the successive steps by which they have advanced towards their present perfection, he will at the same time learn a useful lesson of perseverance under difficulties, and will have his mind impressed with many valuable scientific truths. The knowledge to be gained by such inquiry is eminently practical, and of a kind which those engaged in any of the pursuits of life can scarcely fail to require. A History of Inventions almost necessarily implies a description of the mechanisms and processes by which they are effected; so far, at least, as to render the principles on which their actions depend understood. It would be impossible, however, in a work of this limited size to enter minutely into explanations of mechanisms, and into the applications of scientific discoveries, which would require a separate treatise for each; but it has been the Author's endeavour to give a succinct, intelligible account, free from technicalities, of the manner in which they operate, so as to be comprehensible to all classes of readers. By thus giving a popular character to the work, to make it acceptable to the young, it is hoped that it will not be found less worthy, on that account, the perusal of those more advanced in life.