Great Zimbabwe, Mashonaland, Rhodesia: An account of two years' examination work in 1902-4 on behalf of the government of RhodesiaHall, R. N. (Richard Nicklin)
History
Great Zimbabwe, Mashonaland, Rhodesia: An account of two years' examination work in 1902-4 on behalf of the government of Rhodesia
Hall, R. N. (Richard Nicklin)
Great Zimbabwe (Extinct city); Zimbabwe -- Antiquities
The _phalli_ found at Zimbabwe must now amount to at least one hundred,
of which more than half have been found recently. It is very probable
that on further examination of the lower floors of these four ruins
other specimens will be met with. The phalli found vary in size and
design. The largest (Pl. I., fig. 6) stood 7½ in. high, was perfectly
plain, but highly polished. The smallest were seven-eighths of an
inch long, but each had its base bevelled and a ring carved round the
summit. Except where the base is fractured, all stand erect on any
tolerably flat surface. The bases show signs of extensive scratchings,
as if they had been constantly moved. The average heights of the
phalli are from two to four inches. Round the bases of many of the
recently discovered phalli are small bevels, sometimes in two circles.
The majority were unadorned, but their identity was unmistakable. The
more ornate specimens bore the “female breast and furrow” pattern,
one had chevron pattern round its bevelled base, several showed the
circumcisional markings, and on the top of one (Pl. I., figs. 12 and
13) were carved in relief rosettes formed of a circle completely
surrounded by eight small circles, the latter a pattern which is
frequently found on soapstone beams and bowls, and is also used to form
the eyes of one of the soapstone birds found at Zimbabwe.
Worked and decorated _soapstone beams_ have been found only in four
localities within the ruins’ area, viz. (1) the Elliptical Temple, on
the summit and at the bases of the main east and south-east wall
within the limits of the chevron pattern; (2) also in quantities on
the summit and at the base of the circular granite cement platform
which lies to the north of the Conical Tower; (3) on the summit and
at the bases of the north wall of the Western Temple on the hill; (4)
on the summit and at the bases of the arc wall of the Eastern Temple,
decorated with dentelle pattern and facing east; (5) on or near the two
granite cement platforms in the interior, and on the site of Mr. Bent’s
“altar,” also in the same temple; and (6) on the summit and at the
bases of the arc wall facing east at Philips Ruins, the fragments of
beams found at this latter place being exceedingly numerous. Splinters
of soapstone beams are found in the soil in the larger ruins, showing
that some of the beams fell from their position and became fractured
after the filling in with soil which took place at least one hundred
and fifty years ago. Few, if any, worked soapstone beams were found in
any of the Valley Ruins, save at Philips. All beams have been worked,
and the marks of the tools and their sizes can still be seen on many;
some are also carved, the chevron pattern predominating.
[Illustration: _PLATE I._ “Relics & Finds” Great Zimbabwe 1902–3
Methuen & C^o]
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