_B.M. Cat., Coins of Corinth_, 509-512, 564, 602, 624; cp. _I.G._ ii. 1320, where we find Ἴσθμια enclosed in a wreath of pine leaves. Footnote 370: The cup, which forms part of the Bernay treasure, is in the Cabinet des médailles at the Bibliothèque Nationale. Le Prevost, _Mém. sur la collection des vases de Bernay_, Pls. viii., ix.; Schreiber, _Atlas_, xxv. 1, 2. Footnote 371: Xen. _Hell._ iv. 7, 2; v. 1, 29. Footnote 372: Plutarch, _Aratus_, 17. Footnote 373: Plutarch, _Philopoemen_, 11. Footnote 374: Livy xxvii. 30, xxxiv. 41. Footnote 375: Paus. v. 16, 4. Footnote 376: Frazer, _Pausanias_, iii. 91. Footnote 377: Pindar, _N._ v., vii.; Bacchylides, i. xii. Footnote 378: Phil. _Gym._ 7; Paus. vi. 16, 4. Footnote 379: The athletic character of the Nemea is emphasized in Bacchylides’ Twelfth Ode, in which the origin of the pankration is traced to the victory of Heracles over the Nemean lion. Footnote 380: Krause, _op. cit._ p. 147. CHAPTER XI THE ATHLETIC FESTIVALS OF ATHENS It is impossible within the limits of this work to give any account of the various local festivals which existed in every state of Greece. Such an account would too often resolve itself into a barren list of names. With regard to Athens we are more fully informed; and from the fifth century onwards we may regard Athens as typical of the Greek world. A brief account of the Athenian festivals and competitions will enable us to form some idea of the part which such events occupied in the life of the Greeks. Athens was not the most athletic of the states of Greece; but nowhere was the love of festivals more developed, and nowhere were competitions more various and more numerous. The Athenian must have spent a large portion of his life in attending festivals and witnessing competitions. In the following list I shall confine myself to those festivals at which we know that there were competitions, and to the festivals of Athens; but we must remember that there were many other festivals in Athens itself, and that there were numerous competitions, athletic or other, on the borders of Attica, at which Athenians could attend as spectators or competitors. The Attic year[381] commenced with the month of Hekatombaion (July), and in this month took place the great festival of Athene Polias, the Panathenaea, extending over several days and attracting visitors from the whole Aegean world. The lesser Panathenaea were held yearly; the great Panathenaea of which details will be found below, were held every fourth year, the third year of each Olympiad. In the next month, Metageitnion, the feast of the Heraclea took place at Marathon. These were athletic games which seem to have been much frequented in Pindar’s time.[382] The prize was a silver cup. There were also Heraclea held at Athens in Cynosarges; but we have no evidence of any competitions held there.