Next came the Eleusinia in the month of Boedromion, like the lesser
Panathenaea, celebrated yearly; but every second year of the Olympiad
they were celebrated as a trieteris, and every fourth year as a
pentaeteris. On these occasions there were athletics, horse-races,
musical competitions, and a special competition called “the contest of
the fathers” (πάτριος ἀγών), which seems to have been equestrian in
character. As at the feast of Athene the prize consisted in jars of
olive oil, so at Demeter’s feast it consisted in measures of corn and
barley. Epharmostus of Opous is stated by Pindar to have won a victory
in wrestling at Eleusis, and Herodotus of Thebes in the
chariot-race.[383] The Eleusinia claimed an antiquity greater than that
of the Olympia or the Isthmia, and the earliest athletic implement which
we possess is an inscribed jumping-weight found at Eleusis which cannot
be later than the beginning of the sixth century (Fig. 60).
The month of Pyanepsion (October) was a very busy one for the athletic
youth of Athens. First came the Oschophoria, a festal race in which two
boys, chosen from each tribe, raced, dressed in women’s clothes, from
the temple of Dionysus to the temple of Athene Skiras at Phalerum. They
carried bunches of grapes, and the winner received as his prize a mixed
drink, composed of wine, honey, cheese, flour, and oil.[384] On the
sixth day of the month began the Thesea, the great athletic festival of
the Athenian epheboi, and this was immediately followed by the
Epitaphia. The details of the programme will be discussed below. Lastly,
in connexion with the Apaturia there were musical competitions and
torch-races in honour of Prometheus and Hephaestus.
With October the athletic season seems to have ended. The winter months
and early spring were occupied with the dramatic competitions connected
with the Dionysia and Lenaea. There may, of course, have been lesser
competitions, of which we know nothing. At the “Country Dionysia,” for
example, there appear to have been various rustic sports, such as the
game of Askoliasmos,[385] which correspond to such sports as climbing
the greasy pole and other Mayday festivities.
The month of Munychion or April was the beginning of the boating season.
At the festival of Munychia there was a procession in honour of Artemis,
followed by boat-races in the harbour.[386] At a later date these were
replaced by a mimic naval battle, for which prizes were also given.[387]
Then the epheboi sailed to Salamis to celebrate the Aiantea. There were
more boat-races, and also a long-distance foot-race, in which the youths
of Athens competed with the youths of Salamis.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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