Almost at the same time, perhaps in the same year, 582 B.C., the
Isthmian festival was reorganized. This festival, which claimed an
antiquity greater even than that of Olympia, was celebrated at the
sanctuary of Poseidon, which stood in a grove of pine-trees at the
south-east of the Isthmus, a little to the south of the eastern end of
the present Corinth canal. The various legends of its origin are all
connected directly or indirectly with the worship of Poseidon. The
wreath of dry celery leaves, which in the time of Pindar was the prize,
recalled the story that the games were first founded in honour of the
luckless Melicertes at the spot to which his dead body was carried by a
dolphin. According to another legend they were instituted by the Attic
hero Theseus, when he had freed the land from the terror of the robber
Sinis. This story points to the close connexion of the Isthmia with
Athens. The Athenian envoys enjoyed the privilege of precedence
(προεδρία) at this festival, and a space was reserved for them, as much
as could be covered by the sail of the ship which brought them to the
Isthmus. No other festival was so conveniently situated for the
Athenians. Athens and Corinth had much in common, and were on most
friendly terms before the relations between them were embittered by
commercial rivalry, and their friendship was especially close in the
period following the fall of the Cypselidae. Another version of the
Theseus legend represents him as founding the Isthmia in rivalry of
Heracles, who had founded the Olympic games; and here we may trace a
certain jealousy existing between the two festivals.[74] We know on good
authority that the Eleans were not allowed to compete at the Isthmia.
This ban, which Elean tradition represented as a self-denying ordinance
imposed by the curse of Molione, may well have originated in this
rivalry. We can imagine that the Elean authorities regarded with no
favour the rise of a rival festival on a site so central, the
meeting-place of the trade of East and West. Yet, after all, Olympia had
no reason to fear its rival. The central position of Corinth involving
her in all the feuds and wars of Greek history, prevented the Isthmia
from ever acquiring that unique independence which characterized the
more remote Olympia. There can be little doubt, too, that from the first
the festival reflected the luxurious commercial character of Corinth.
There the joyous life of the Ionian race found vent in a sort of
cosmopolitan carnival which contrasted strangely with the more strenuous
Dorian festival of remote Olympia.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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