3. Paintings of fish on plates: Italo-Greek work of the fourth century B. C. 8 4. Head and talons of the Sea-eagle, _Haliaëtus albicilla_: A, from an Ionic vase of the sixth century B. C.; B, drawn from the object 9 5. Minoan gold cup, sixteenth century B. C. _facing_ 12 6. Horse’s head, from Parthenon. 440 B. C. ” 12 7. Aristotle. From Herculaneum; probably work of fourth century B. C. ” 18 7 _a_. The Order of Living Things according to Aristotle 30 7 _b_. The Four Elements and the Four Qualities 39 8. Theophrastus. From Villa Albani; copy (second century A. D.?) of earlier work _facing_ 60 9, 10. Fifth century drawings from Juliana Anicia MS., copied from originals of the first century B. C. (?): 9, Σογκός τρυφερός = _Crepis paludosa_, Moen.; 10, Γεράνιον = _Erodium malachoides_, L. ” 64 11. Illustrating Galen’s physiological teaching 67 GREEK MEDICINE 1. Hippocrates. British Museum, second or third century B. C. _facing_ 90 2. Asclepius. British Museum, fourth century B. C. ” 90 3, 4. From MS. of Apollonius of Kitium, of ninth century (copied from a pre-Christian original): 3, reducing dislocated shoulder; 4, reducing dislocated jaw ” 104 5. A Greek clinic of about 400 B. C.: from a vase-painting 106 6. A kylix, from the Berlin Museum, of about 490 B. C. 107 7. Athenian funerary monument. British Museum, second century A. D. _facing_ 114 8. Votive tablet, representing cupping and bleeding instruments, from Temple of Asclepius at Athens ” 120 GREEK BIOLOGY § 1. _Before Aristotle_