League, _Achæan_, 32; defects of, 33 _f._, 228; expansion of, 230; territory of, 234; alliance of, with Ætolians, 235; development of, 235 _ff._; institutions of, 237 _ff._; laws of, 240; war of, with Demetrius II, 240 _f._ ... _Ætolian_, 32; defects of, 33 _f._, 228; treaty of, with Antigonus Gonatas, 232; expansion of, 233; territory of, 234; alliance of, with Achæans, 235; development of, 235 _ff._; founds city-states, 236; institutions of, 237 _ff._; dismembered by Macedon, 240; deserts Achæans, 241; ally of Sparta, 241; attacks Macedon, 245 _f._, 248. ... _Boeotian_, 27 _ff._ ... _Hellenic_, under Sparta, 20 _ff._, 89 _f._; under Philip II, 28 _ff._, 244; under Antigonus Doson, 34, 242 _ff._; dissolved by Alexander, 129 _f._; under Antigonus I, 221. ... _of Islanders_, 159, 227, 229, 230 _f._, 232. ... _Peloponnesian_, 20, 89, 95. Leagues, as federal units, 243; extent of powers of, 244. Leisure, lack of, in Athens, 61. Literature, in Athens, 59 _f._; the corruptor of the Athenians, 103 _f._ Lot, election by, in Athens, 52, 53, 55; theory of, 55. Lysimachus, king of Macedon, 220. Maccabæus, correspondence of, with Sparta, 79 _f._ Macedon, relation of, to Hellas, 215; army of, 217; national state in, 217; Roman province, 218; troubles of, 224. Macedonians, heirs of Alexander, 149; establish a regency, 149; refuse to carry out Alexander's plans, 150; characteristics of, 215 _f._; sacrifices of, for empire, 216 _f._; aversion to imperialism, 222. Magas, of Cyrene, death of, 231. Magnesia, battle of, 190. Machiavelli, compared with Aristotle, 110 _ff._ Messenians, revolts of, 87. Meyer, Eduard, on _proskynesis_, 131 _ff._ Mnesimachus, fief of, 201. Monarchy, influence of, 239. Municipality, and city, 17 _f._ Napoleon, on generalship, 122; on Alexander, 123. Nation, and city, 17 _ff._ Naucratis, 163, 168. Nectanebus, reputed father of Alexander, 162. Nicæa, dupe of Gonatas, 232. Olympias, wife of Philip, marriage of, 116; religion of, 118 _f._; queen of Epirus, 233 _f._ Oration, Funeral, significance of, 45 _f._ Orientals, contrast of, with Europeans, 131 _ff._ Ostracism, function of, in Athens, 60 _f._ Palestine, becomes Seleucid, 188; Hellenization of, 196, 212 _f._ Pan, patron of Gonatas, 232. Panchæa, 143. Parthians, rebellion of, 188, 192; power of, 192. Patriotism, in city-states, 18 _f._ Pella, 118, 221.