Pergamum, incites dynastic war in Syria, 191. Pericles, 41; law of, regarding citizenship, 14; Funeral Oration of, 44 _ff._; and art, 48; and drama, 48; and Plato, 48 _f._; aim of, in introducing indemnities, 64 _f._; ideal of, 64 _f._; defends misuse of tribute, 71 _f._; judgment on, by Thucydides, 75 _f._ Perioecs, 19; ring of, around Spartan land, 88. Persepolis, 129. Persia, supports hegemony in Greece, 25; feudal lords in empire of, 199. Persians, conciliated by Alexander, 130, 131; Hellenization of, 133; foster local religions, 197 _ff._ Pharaoh, sole god on earth, 163. Phila, wife of Antigonus Gonatas, 223. Philip II, and Thebes, 28 _f._; hegemon of Hellas, 28 _ff._; relations of, with Olympias, 116; murder of, 116; achievements of, 116 _ff._; court of, 118. Philip V, war of, with Ætolians, 245 _f._ Phoenicia, source of timber for Egypt, 172. Phthia, queen of Macedon, 234. Plato, 26; a student of his present alone, 99; without sense of historic truth, 99 _f._, 107; misreads the future, 100; historic conceptions of, 100 _f._; and governmental control, 101 _f._; disgust of, for democracy, 102; abandons theory of individual liberty, 102; dislike of, for Athenian empire, 103; dislike of, for Athenian culture, 103 _f._; assailant of materialism, 105; advocate of aristocracy, 106 _f._ Plutarch, 15. Poetry, place of, in Greek education, 119 _f._ Politics, in Athens, 56 _f._; instruction of Alexander in, 120. Polybius, in Egypt, 181. Polytheism, elasticity of, 140 _f._ Pompey, conquers Syria, 191. Popillius, Gaius, 213. Priests, governments of, in Asia Minor, 197 _f._ _Proskynesis_, of individuals established, 131; meaning of, 131 _ff._; of cities, 147 _f._; under the _diadochi_, 164 _f._, 208, 221. Prussia, divine right of kings in, 3, 37. Ptolemais, 163 _f._ Ptolemies, dynasty of, 151 _f._; empire of, restored, 153 _f._; imperial policy of, 155; saved by Rome, 160; deification of, in Greek cities, 164; army of, 167 _f._, 173 _ff._; owners of land and people of Egypt, 169; farmers, manufacturers, merchants, 169 _f._; temple policy of, 172 _f._; land policy of, 172 _ff._; gifts of, to friends, 173; abandon land policy, 180; later monarchs, 181 _f._; lose Palestine, 188; incite dynastic war in Syria, 191.