Greek drama (Tragedy) -- History and criticism; Mythology, Greek, in literature
The _Choephorœ_, the _Electra_ of Sophocles, and the _Electra_ of
Euripides supply the only surviving instance in which the three
tragedians handled the same story; at present it is enough to note the
differences between the method of Sophocles and that of the _Choephorœ_.
For Æschylus the slaying of Clytæmnestra is a question of religion and
ethics, for Sophocles it is a matter of psychology, the emotional history
of Electra. He is content to take the religious facts for granted, and
then to proceed with no misgivings to a purely human drama. The play
begins amid the bright, cheerful surroundings of dawn and ends with
happiness. When Orestes comes forth, his sword wet with his mother’s
blood, he is entirely satisfied and untouched by any misgivings, simply
because the question of matricide has been settled for him by Heaven.
He is a personified theory of Olympian religion. His words to Electra
after the queen is dead: “In the house all is well, if Apollo’s oracle
spoke well,”[315] are the summary of Sophocles’ religious point of view.
Carefully and confidently referring the question of this matricide to a
higher judge than Man, he proceeds to his actual business. Equally marked
is the difference between the closing sentence of the _Choephorœ_,
“Where then will end the fatal fury, when pass into closing calm?”[316]
and that of the later work: “O house of Atreus, through how many
sufferings hast thou come forth at last in freedom, crowned with good by
this day’s enterprise!”[317] For Sophocles the deed is done and behind
us; for Æschylus it lives to beget new sorrows.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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