Greek drama (Tragedy) -- History and criticism; Mythology, Greek, in literature
are in their unobtrusive way masterpieces of language. But it is in
vain to quote specimens; the whole work is as novel and as great in
linguistic skill as in dramatic art. In particular the speeches of the
nurse at the opening, of Medea when rebuking and again when conciliating
Jason—above all, her fearful soliloquy and address to her children, touch
the summit of dramatic eloquence. The lyric passages are on the whole
less remarkable, but the mystic loveliness of the ode[440] celebrating
the glories of Attica, and the anapæsts[441] which give so haunting an
expression to a parent’s yearning over his children, are among the most
precious things this tender as well as terrible poet has bequeathed to
us.
The HERACLEIDÆ[442] (Ἡρακλεῖδαι) or _Children of Heracles_, is a
short[443] play of uncertain date, usually referred to the early years of
the Peloponnesian War (431-404) and by some to the date 422 B.C. Nothing
is known as to the companion plays, or the success obtained by the
tetralogy.
The scene is laid before the temple of Zeus at Marathon in Attica.
The young sons of Heracles are discovered with the aged Iolaus, their
father’s comrade, who explains how, after Heracles departed to Heaven,
Eurystheus of Argos has hunted the hero’s family through Greece. They
have taken refuge in Attica; Alcmena, mother of Heracles, and the
daughters are now within the temple; Hyllus, the eldest son, has gone to
seek another refuge in case Athens fails them. Copreus,[444] a herald
from Argos, enters and is dragging the suppliants away when the chorus
of aged Athenians enter. Copreus disregards their remonstrances, but is
confronted by the king, Demophon, and his brother Acamas. He insists
that the Heracleidæ are Argive subjects: let not Demophon risk war with
Argos. Iolaus appeals for protection, and is granted it; Copreus retires
with threats of instant war. After an ode of defiance by the chorus,
Demophon returns with news that a noble virgin must be sacrificed to
Persephone, and he will not slay an Athenian girl. Iolaus is in despair,
when Macaria, one of Heracles’ daughters, comes forth and offers herself.
After a proud but melancholy farewell she goes. A serf of Hyllus arrives,
bringing, he says, good news. At this Iolaus joyfully summons Alcmena,
who imagines that another herald is assaulting him; but he announces
that Hyllus has returned with a large host of allies. Iolaus, despite
the serf’s rueful gibes, insists on going to the fray and, dressed
in ancient arms from the temple, totters off. The chorus proclaim the
justice of their cause, invoking Zeus and Athena. The attendant returns
with news of complete victory. Iolaus was taken into Hyllus’ chariot and
being (by favour of Heracles and Hebe) miraculously restored for a while
to his youthful vigour, captured Eurystheus. The chorus celebrate the
glory of Athens and acclaim Heracles, who is now proved (despite report)
to be dwelling in Heaven. Eurystheus is led in and Alcmena gloats over
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