Greek drama (Tragedy) -- History and criticism; Mythology, Greek, in literature
him, promising him death. The messenger intervenes: Athenians do not kill
prisoners. She insists. Then Eurystheus breaks silence: it was Hera who
forced him to these persecutions, and if he is now slain in cold blood,
a curse will fall on the slayer. The chorus at length accept Alcmena’s
evasion that he be killed and his corpse be given to his friends.
Eurystheus presents Athens with an oracle which declares that his spirit
shall be hostile to the Heracleidæ, when, forgetting this kindness, they
invade Attica.[445] Alcmena bids her attendants convey Eurystheus within
and destroy him. The chorus[446] briefly express satisfaction at being
free from this guilt, and the play ends.
The _Heracleidæ_ is one of the least popular[447] among Euripides’ works.
It has indeed unmistakable beauties. The heroic daughter of Heracles and
her proud insistence on no rivalry in her sacrifice have always moved
admiration. The Greek style, moreover, though not equal to that of the
_Medea_, has all the Euripidean limpidity and ease. Such lines as
τίς δ’ εἶ σύ; ποῦ σοι συντυχὼν ἀμνημονῶ;[448]
in Iolaus’ conversations with Hyllus’ thrall, and the lyric phrase
ἁ δ’ ἀρετὰ βαίνει διὰ μόχθων[449]
haunt the ear. Moreover, the chivalry with which Demophon and his
citizens champion the helpless must have stirred Athenian hearts. But
our pleasure is repeatedly checked by incidents grotesque, horrible, or
inexplicable. To the first category belongs the absurd scene in which
Iolaus totters away amid badinage to do battle with Argos. There is a
comic note, again, in the scene where Alcmena for the first time appears
and supposes that Hyllus’ messenger is another hostile herald from Argos.
As we know who he is, her attack on him shows that painful mixture of the
pathetic and the ludicrous which so often marks Euripides’ work; here
the comic prevails over the touching. Secondly, the interview in which
Eurystheus is presented to Alcmena, who gloats at her ease over him,
is horrible, however natural. And finally the inexplicable or at least
puzzling features are perhaps the most striking of all.
The first difficulty concerns the personality which forms the background
of the whole; the apotheosis of Heracles is treated in equivocal fashion
throughout. Iolaus[450] alone seems entirely convinced. Alcmena, after
news of the victory to which her son has given miraculous aid, utters the
candid words:—[451]
After long years, O Zeus, my woes have touched thee,
Yet take my thanks for all that hath been wrought.
My son—though erstwhile I refused belief—
I know in truth doth dwell amid the gods.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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