Greek drama (Tragedy) -- History and criticism; Mythology, Greek, in literature
And her faith is echoed in less prosaic language[452] by the chorus, who
proclaim the falsehood of the story that Heracles after his passing by
fire went down to the abode of Hades; in truth he dwells in Heaven and in
the golden court lives as the spouse of Hebe. But these confessions are
due to the marvels on the battle-field, marvels upon which the narrator
himself takes pains to throw grave doubt.[453] Macaria, though she has
every reason[454] to dilate on the glories of her father, speaks of
him but briefly and with only the normal filial respect.[455] Of the
others, Copreus ignores him; from the man’s character we expect sneers
and refutations of the miraculous stories such as are put by our poet
in the mouth of Lycus.[456] Eurystheus speaks of him generously, but
in terms which imply that he has never heard, much less accepted, the
marvellous accounts of his enemy: “I knew thy son was no mere cypher, but
in good sooth a man; for even though he was mine enemy, yet will I speak
well of him, that man of worth”.[457] Demophon himself, the champion
of Heracles’ children, even when he has been reminded (by Iolaus) how
the hero rescued Theseus, father of Demophon, from Hades itself, in his
reply treats this overwhelming claim ambiguously and with nothing more
than politeness.[458] All this seems to show the dramatist’s belief that
Heracles was simply a “noble man”—an ἐσθλὸς ἀνήρ—whose divine traits are
the offspring of minds like those of Iolaus and Alcmena, whose sagacity
throughout the drama is painfully low.
Macaria’s fate, also, at first sight causes perplexity. After she leaves
the scene, nothing[459] more is heard of her. When and where she dies
we are not told; the promise[460] of Iolaus that she shall be honoured
by him in death, as in life, above all women, produces no effect—for
we are told nothing about her burial; whether the advent of Hyllus’
reinforcements should or does make any difference to the necessity for
the sacrifice is not discussed. But there is good reason to suppose that
a whole episode, on Macaria’s death, has been lost.
The army of Hyllus is the most astonishing feature in the play. All the
action and all the pathos depend upon the helplessness which involves
the Heracleidæ. Every other city has rejected them; if Athens fails all
is lost—so we are told repeatedly.[461] Yet at the last moment Hyllus
returns with a positive army. Whence has it come? How can Iolaus have
been ignorant that such aid was possible? We are told nothing. The
Athenian leaders apparently, Iolaus and Alcmena[462] certainly, receive
these incredible tidings with no feeling save placid satisfaction.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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