[167] Save, of course, those on the new lowest seats, which went down to the new level of the excavated half. Dörpfeld has discovered evidence that the present lowest seats at Athens were added after the rest. [168] _Das griechische Theater_, p. 364. After the publication of this view Dörpfeld altered his opinion, and suggested (_Bull. Corr. Hell._ 1896, p. 577 _sqq._) that V. means not the ordinary Greek Theatre, but the Græco-Roman type found in Asia Minor. But this seems worse than his first thought. See Haigh³, pp. 147 _sq._ [169] _Ibid._ pp. 146 _sq._ [170] In Plato’s time this was notably so (_Laws_, 659 A-C, 700 C, 701 A). [171] Plutarch, _Nicias_, 524 D. [172] Aristotle, _Rhetoric_, III, i. [173] This is the usual term employed. See, however, Haigh³, p. 13, note 3: “the word τετραλογία was applied only to a group of four plays connected in subject,” etc. [174] This was certainly the number for comedy; it is assumed for tragedy. [175] τράγος. This was supposed to be the origin of the word “tragedy” (τραγῳδία “goat-song”). [176] Vitruvius, V, vi., and Pollux, iv., 126. [177] Professor Ridgeway makes much use of this custom in his theory that Greek drama originated in celebrations at the tombs of great persons. See his _Origin of Tragedy_, and pp. 2 _sq._ above. [178] Haigh³, p. 187. [179] _Clouds_, 225. [180] Pollux (iv. 128), who gives the most definite description, adds: “one must understand it at each door, as it were in each house,” but his unsupported testimony on any subject is not trustworthy. [181] In fact Pollux, who is fond of making a particular case into a general rule, may have had this instance in his head. He writes (iv. 128): “the eccyclema is a lofty stand raised upon timbers and carrying a chair” (ἐπὶ ξύλων ὑψηλὸν βάθρον ᾧ ἐπίκειται θρόνος). [182] Ar. _Knights_, 1249. [183] This story occurs in the anonymous _Life_ of Æschines. [184] They are mutes, for the lines supposed to be uttered by one or both behind the scenes were probably delivered by one of the actors not needed “in front”. [185] The _Œdipus Coloneus_ is an exception. See Jebb’s _Introduction_, 3rd ed., pp. 7, 8. [186] Cp. the vigorous protest of Pratinas (p. 6). [187] Pherecrates, _Cheiron_, frag. 1, cp. Arist. _Thesmoph._ 100. [188] Ar. _Frogs_, 1314. [189] We hear from the scholiast on _Choephorœ_, 900, that the same actor took the part of Pylades and of the servant who gives the alarm. The latter after arousing Clytæmnestra rushes within, and when the Queen has uttered five lines Pylades appears accompanying Orestes. This example is given by Haigh³, p. 232. [190] Told by the scholiast on Aristophanes, _Frogs_, 303.