Greek drama (Tragedy) -- History and criticism; Mythology, Greek, in literature
Change of scene was rarely needed in tragedy; the peculiar arrangements
of comedy do not concern us. Only two extant tragedies need it. In the
_Eumenides_ of Æschylus the change from the temple of Apollo at Delphi
to Athena’s temple in Athens is vital to the plot but need not have
caused much trouble; probably convention was satisfied by changing the
statue. In _Ajax_ the scene shifts from that hero’s tent to a deserted
part of the sea-shore; no doubt the tent was simply removed. One reason
against change of scene was the continuous presence of the chorus;
when the playwright found he must shift his locality the chorus were
compelled to retire and reappear. We read[176] of a permanent appliance
by which scenery could be altered; there is, however, no evidence that
it was known in the great age of Athenian drama. This consisted of the
_periacti_ (περίακτοι). At each end of the scene stood wooden triangular
prisms standing on their ends and revolving in sockets, so arranged
that one of the narrow oblong sides continued the picture. A different
subject was painted on each side. A twist given to either marked a change
of place; the alteration of one _periactus_ meant a change of locality
within the same region, while the alteration of both meant a complete
change of district. Thus, had this contrivance been used in the fifth
century, one _periactus_ would have been moved in the _Ajax_, both in the
_Eumenides_. Another and stranger use of this contrivance is mentioned
by Pollux: “it introduces sea-gods and everything which is too heavy for
the machine”. We shall return to this when we come to the “eccyclema” and
the “machine”. No curtain is known for the classical age.
Stage-properties were few and for the most part simple. Much the most
important was the tomb of some great person; that of Darius in the
_Persæ_, and of Agamemnon in the _Choephorœ_, are fundamental to the
plot, and there are many other examples.[177] Statues have already been
mentioned. The spaciousness of the orchestra made it easy to introduce
chariots and horses, as in _Agamemnon_, Euripides’ _Electra_ and
_Iphigenia at Aulis_.
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