Greek drama (Tragedy) -- History and criticism; Mythology, Greek, in literature
The chorus, we have seen, was originally the only celebrant of the
Dionysiac festival. As the importance of the actors increased it became
less and less vital to the performance. Its numbers, its connexion
with the plot, and the length and relevance of its songs, all steadily
diminished.
Originally there were fifty choristers, but we learn that early in the
fifth century there were only twelve, and it is suggested that this
change was due to the introduction of tetralogies—the fifty choreutæ
being divided as equally as possible between the four dramas. Sophocles,
it is said, raised the number to fifteen. This account is doubtful. It is
not in the nature of things likely that Æschylus (if it was he) caused
or approved such an immense drop in numbers, from fifty to twelve: for
the notion that the original chorus was split up into four is frivolous.
Is it not obvious that a poet would employ the same choristers for each
play of his tetralogy? Again, that Sophocles should chafe at Æschylus’
twelve singers and alter the number, and that by a mere trifle of
three, is quite unlikely. There is, moreover, strong evidence that the
elder poet used fifty choreutæ, at any rate in his earlier time. The
_Supplices_ has for chorus the daughters of Danaus, and their exact
number, fifty, was a familiar _datum_ of the legend. The natural view
is that Æschylus began with fifty, that Sophocles ended with fifteen,
and that between these two points the number gradually sank. Whether the
choreutæ after the fifth century became still fewer is not clearly known;
there is some evidence that at times they were only seven.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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